古代的中国认同与中华民族的形成  

The Ancient China Identity and the Formation of the Chinese Nation

作　　者：赵永春[1] ZHAO Yong-chun(School of the Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期5-21,共17页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国古代北方游牧民族与中原农耕民族交融史研究”(17ZDA177);国家社会科学基金项目“民族交融视阈下的金代六部职官群体研究”(22BZS043);吉林省教育厅科学研究重点项目“金代六部尚书研究”(JJKH20231116SK)。

摘　　要：中国认同意识,即中华民族共同体意识,是中华民族形成的思想基础和精神纽带,在古代经历了6个发展阶段,即夏商周时期随着“中国”观念的出现,中国认同观念也开始产生,至春秋战国时期中国认同观念正式形成;秦汉时期经过多民族中国的建设,汉民族在华夏民族发展的基础上正式形成,中国认同观念获得了初步发展;魏晋南北朝时期,中国认同观念呈现出多样化发展态势;隋唐时期,在汉人中国观念回归的基础上,又以礼别华夷、华夷互化、华夷一家等多民族中国观念为纽带将隋唐与周边少数民族连接在一起,中国认同观念获得了进一步升华;辽宋夏金时期,各个民族及其政权均自我认同为“中国”、中国正统和中国历史发展谱系中一员的思想观念表现出高度的一致性和一体性;元朝实现大统一,多民族凝聚为中国的观念有了进一步发展,中华民族的形成已现端倪,后经明朝和北元均认为自己是中国历史发展谱系一员观念的发展,到了清朝乾隆时期,随着国家统一事业的完成,具有中国认同意识的各个民族齐聚到清朝中国这一共同旗帜之下,统一的多民族的中国民族即中华民族正式形成。The consciousness of China identity,that is,the sense of the Chinese Nation as one united community,is the ideological basis and spiritual bond of the formation of the Chinese Nation.In ancient times,it experienced six stages of development.With the emergence of the concept of China in the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the concept of China identity also began to emerge,during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period,the concept of China identity was formally formed.During the Qin and Han dynasties,through the construction of multi-ethnic China,the Han nationality was formally formed on the basis of the development of the Chinese Nationality.The concept of China identity has been preliminarily developed during Wei-Jin-Southern and Northern dynasties.The concept of China identity shows a diversified development trend.In the Sui and Tang dynasties,on the basis of the return of the Chinese concept of Han Nationality,the Sui and Tang were connected with the surrounding ethnic minorities by the multi-ethnic Chinese concepts such as the Huayi discriminating by rituals,the mutual transformation of Huayi as one family,and the concept of Chinese identity was further refined.In the period of Liao,Song,Xia and Jin,all nationalities and their regimes identified themselves as China,Chinese orthodoxy and a member of the lineage of Chinese historical development showed a high degree of consistency and unity.After the great unification of the Yuan Dynasty,the concept of multi-ethnic cohesion as China was further developed,and the formation of the Chinese Nation was already on the horizon.Later,the Ming Dynasty and the Northern Yuan both regarded themselves as a member of the lineage of China’s historical development.In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty,with the completion of national unification,all ethnic groups with a sense of Chinese identity gathered under the common banner of Qing China.The unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation,the Chinese Nation,has come into being.

关 键 词：中华民族共同体 中国认同 中华民族的形成 中国正统 五德终始说 

分 类 号：C951[社会学—民族学]