马克思价值决定价格理论的实验证明与数学阐释  

Experimental Proof and Mathematical Explanation of Marx's Theory of Value Determining Price

作　　者：刘旭 Liu Xu

机构地区：[1]海财经大学 [2]温州大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《海派经济学》2024年第2期1-22,共22页Journal of Economics of Shanghai School

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“马克思劳动价值论数学体系的构建与当代阐释研究”(2020M681255)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为价值规律的重要组成部分,狭义的价值决定价格理论要求价值是形成价格或商品交换比例的充分且必要条件。简单封闭交换系统的交易实验证明,绝对剩余产品的商品交换比例只与交易双方提供给市场的商品供给量有关,而与价值无关。进一步分析发现,绝对剩余产品的交易要求商品价值为0。由此得出的直接结论是:若商品价值为0,则商品交换比例只与交易双方提供商品的供给量有关,具有任意性。这在否定的意义上间接证明若价值为0则价格无意义,价值是决定价格的必要条件。这说明马克思价值决定价格理论的正确性,百年价值转形问题的争论变成了一个纯粹技术性问题。As an important part of the law of value,the narrow theory that the price is determined by value requires that value is the sufficient and necessary condition to form the proportion of price or commodity exchange.A transaction experiment of a simple closed exchange system shows that the ratio of the absolute surplus product to the exchange of goods is only related to the quantity of goods supplied to the market by both sides of the transaction,but not to the value.Further analysis reveals that the transaction of absolute surplus products requires the value of goods to be zero.Therefore,the conclusion of this experiment is that if the value of the commodity is zero,the commodity exchange ratio is only related to the quantity of the commodity supplied to the market and has arbitrariness.This indirectly proves in a negative sense that if value is zero then price is meaningless and value is a necessary condition for determining price.This shows the correctness of Marx's theory of value determining price,and the debate on the centennial transformation of value has become a purely technical issue.

关 键 词：价值规律 经济学实验 价值转形 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]