试论史前仪式行为的展示性——以牛河梁、良渚古城和石峁遗址为例  

On the Displayability of Prehistoric Ritual BehaviorTaking Niuheliang,Liangzhu Ancient City,and Shimao Siteas Examples

作　　者：李默然 Li Mo-ran

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第4期83-91,共9页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助,编号DF2023ZD14。

摘　　要：牛河梁、良渚古城和石峁遗址均有意识地改造地理景观来增强仪式场所的展示性。牛河梁遗址代表的红山人群以祖先崇拜、掌控宇宙秩序为主要仪式观念,人群普遍参与,具有极强的公共性和展示性。石峁人群更热衷于展示蕴含多元思想和意识形态的石雕“艺术品”,向周边地区访客炫耀自己获取或生产异域物品的能力。他们生活在游牧文明与农耕文明的交错地带,深受北亚的文化影响,其仪式行为也表现出明显的萨满教特征。相对而言,良渚文化社会的仪式行为最具私密性,以人工堆砌的高台安置贵族墓葬,并在上方举行葬礼。Niuheliang,Liangzhu City,and Shimao Site all consciously reshaped their geographical landscapes to enhance the displayability of ritual venues.The Hongshan people represented by the Niuheliang Site have ancestral worship and control of the cosmic order as their main ceremonial concepts,with people's widespread participation and strong publicity and displayability.The Shimao people are more enthusiastic about showcasing stone carvings that contain diverse ideologies,showing off their ability to obtain or produce exotic items to visitors from surrounding areas.They are deeply influenced by the culture of North Asia,and their ritual behavior also have obvious shamanic characteristics.Relatively speaking,the ritual behavior of Liangzhu culture is the most private,using artificially stacked platforms to place elite tombs and holding funerals above.

关 键 词：牛河梁 良渚古城 石峁 仪式行为 展示性 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]