史前陶器产地研究中的常用假设试析  

Analysis on Common Hypotheses in the Study of Prehistoric Pottery Origin

作　　者：李涛 Li Tao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院 [2]武汉大学长江文明考古研究院

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第4期109-120,共12页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家“万人计划”青年拔尖人才计划(项目号:1105-212200003)的资助。

摘　　要：陶器是史前考古研究的重点关注对象,其生产地点和原料来源是陶器产地研究的核心命题。虽然20世纪30年代岩相分析已被应用于探讨陶器的生产地点与流通路径,但直到20世纪50年代多元素分析技术出现,特别是化学成分分析与薄片岩相学相结合,才为陶器产地研究的推广奠定理论和技术的基础。20世纪70年代基于化学成分分析的“产地假设”(Provenience Postulate),以及20世纪90年代以后普遍推崇的化学成分分析与薄片岩相学的整合,促成了陶器产地研究的阶段性飞速发展。但研究者利用上述手段解决考古学问题时,于“产地假设”外,往往还应用或引申许多新假设(更准确地说是新“预设”),其理论出发点涉及陶器的功能—类型学、技术—风格、生态学、政治经济学以及地球化学。本文聚焦产地研究中普遍使用的化学成分分析与岩相学分析,初步梳理出相关研究中的五个常用假设,旨在明晰产地研究语境中的假设与阐释的关系现状,并期望为后续的产地研究提供思路上的借鉴。Archaeologists focusing on the Neolithic periods,especially those interested in provenance studies,pay great attention to pottery production loci and raw materials.Although thin-section petrography was applied to the study of ancient ceramics in the 1930s to explore the pottery production loci and distribution routes,the provenance studies of pottery were widely applied only after the 1950s when instrumental multi-elemental analysis was introduced to archaeology.In particular,the combination of multi-elemental analysis and thin-section petrography laid the theoretical and methodological foundations for boosting the provenance studies of ancient ceramic materials.The Provenience Postulate'was proposed in the 1970s,followed by the integration of chemical analysis and thin-section petrography as a standardized methodology in the 1990s,signaling breakthroughs in provenancing ceramics.It is argued in this paper that while researchers applied provenance studies to address important archaeological questions,they often used or introduced assumptions that are neither proven nor well discussed,in addition to the Provenience Postulate.These other assumptions were derived from the functional use,techno-stylistic,ecological,political-economic,and/or geochemical perspective but have barely been contextualized.By examining five of these assumptions underlying provenance studies involving chemical compositional analysis and thin-section petrography,the present paper points out the relations between assumptions and archaeological interpretations,hopefully offering new insights for future provenance studies of pottery.

关 键 词：史前陶器 产地研究 化学成分 薄片岩相分析 

分 类 号：K854[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]