婺州窑概论  

An Overview of Wuzhou Kiln

作　　者：郑建明[1] 郑诚一 Zheng Jianming;Zheng Chengyi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系 [2]北京联合大学应用文理学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第4期204-215,共12页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：科技部重点研发项目“中国古代窑炉烧成技术谱系研究”(23&ZD272)成果。

摘　　要：婺州窑是主要分布于浙江西部金华、衢州地区的古代著名窑场,隋唐时期主要隶属于婺州,因此得名。该地区窑业历史非常悠久,先秦时期是原始瓷的重要分布区,东汉时期演变为成熟瓷器,因此可以认为婺州窑始烧于东汉、发展于六朝,兴盛于唐宋元时期,延及明代。窑址所在地形主要是金衢盆地,基本呈东北-西南向而成为沟通浙江东北部与江西、湖南等西部地区的重要通道,面貌相当复杂,各种窑业技术在此交流、激荡、融合,并最终形成具有自身特色的窑业类型,产品面貌总体上以烧造青瓷器为主,兼烧黑釉瓷器和窑变乳浊釉瓷器,同时在两宋时期还烧造青白釉瓷器。因此婺州窑是浙闽赣三省乃至南北文化交流的重要载体。Wuzhou Kiln is an ancient famous kiln site located in the Jinhua and Quzhou areas of western Zhejiang.It was mainly under the jurisdiction of Wuzhou during the Sui and Tang dynasties,hence its name.The kiln industry in this region has a very long history;it was an important distribution area for proto porcelain during the pre-Qin period and evolved into mature porcelain during the Eastern Han period.Therefore,it is traditionally believed that Wuzhou Kiln began production in the Eastern Han period,developed during the Six Dynasties,and flourished during the Tang,Song,and Yuan dynasties,extending into the Ming dynasty.The site of the kiln is mainly located in the Jinqu Basin,which generally runs in a northeast-southwest direction,becoming an important passage connecting northeastern Zhejiang with western regions such as Jiangxi and Hunan.As a result,the landscape is quite complex,with various kiln technologies interacting,stimulating and merging,ultimately forming a porcelain handcraft industry type with its own characteristics.The overall product appearance primarily focuses on the production of celadon,while also including black glaze porcelain and kiln-altered opalescent glaze porcelain.Additionally,during the Song period,Blue-greenish white porcelain was also produced.Therefore,Wuzhou Kiln serves as an important carrier for cultural exchange between the provinces of Zhejiang,Fujian,and Jiangxi,and even between northernand southern cultures.

关 键 词：婺州窑 金衢盆地 窑业交流 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]