汉阳地区3个小型富营养化湖泊鱼类群落结构与多样性  

Fish community structure and diversity in three small eutrophic lakes in the Hanyang area

作　　者：胡乐 罗进勇 王东 熊飞[1,2] 翟东东 刘红艳[1,2] 陈元元[1,2] 喻记新 HU Le;LUO Jinyong;WANG Dong;XIONG Fei;ZHAI Dongdong;LIU Hongyan;CHEN Yuanyuan;YU Jixin(School of Life Sciences,Jianghan University,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学生命科学学院,湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心,武汉430056 [2]江汉大学,持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室,武汉430056

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第6期23-34,共12页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2020034);江汉大学科技创新专项项目(2021kjzx006)。

摘　　要：为探讨富营养化背景下城市湖泊鱼类群落结构与多样性特征,于2021-2022年对汉阳地区三角湖、南太子湖和墨水湖等3个小型湖泊的鱼类进行了季节性调查,分析了鱼类种类组成、优势种、生态类群、多样性及其受干扰情况。在3个湖泊共采集鱼类24种,隶属于5目6科20属,其中鲤科鱼类最多,占总种数的75.0%。非度量多维尺度排序分析表明,三角湖与南太子湖鱼类群落结构较为相似,与墨水湖差异较大,3个湖泊鱼类群落结构具有明显的季节变化。似鱎(Toxabramis swinhonis)为3个湖泊的第一优势种。各湖泊之间物种多样性指数差异不显著,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)变化范围分别为1.3~1.4、1.6~1.9和0.5~0.6,夏季或秋季物种多样性指数相对较高。各湖泊以中上层、浮游生物食性、产沉粘性卵鱼类为主。丰度/生物量比较曲线显示,三角湖和南太子湖的鱼类群落受干扰较大,墨水湖的受干扰程度相对较轻。从湖泊水质保护的角度,建议对鱼类群落结构进行调控,提高湖中滤食性及肉食性鱼类的数量,增强对藻类的下行控制作用。The fish species composition,dominant species,ecological groups,diversity and disturbance were analyzed to explore the characteristics of fish community structure and diversity in urban lakes under the background of eutrophication,the fish in three small lakes in the Hanyang region,namely Sanjiao Lake,Nantaizi Lake and Moshui Lake,were investigated seasonally in 2021-2022.A total of 24 fish species were collected from three lakes,belonging to 5 orders,6 families and 20 genera,among which Cyprinidae was the most,accounting for 75.0%of the total species.Non-metric multi-dimensional ranking analysis showed that the fish community structure of Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake was similar.Both of them were quite different from that of Moshui Lake,and the fish community structure of the three lakes had obvious seasonal changes.Toxabramis swinhonis were the first dominant species in the three lakes.There was no significant difference in species diversity index among lakes.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H),Margalef richness index(D)and Pielou evenness index(E)ranged from 1.3 to 1.4,1.6 to 1.9 and 0.5 to 0.6,respectively.The species diversity index was relatively high in summer or autumn.Pelagic,plankton-eating,sticky-egg-producing fish dominate the lakes.The comparison curve of abundance/biomass showed that the fish communities in Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake were greatly disturbed,and the degree of disturbance in Moshui Lake was relatively light.From the point of view of lake water quality protection,it was suggested that the fish community structure be regulated,populations of filter-feeding and carnivorous fish in the lake should be improved,and the downward control of algae should be enhanced.

关 键 词：城市湖泊 鱼类群落 多样性 富营养化 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]