禁捕初期长江上游宜宾段鱼类群落结构特征及年际变化  

Structural characteristics and interannual changes of fish communities in Yibin section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River during the earlystage of the fishing ban

作　　者：禄盛超 叶海明 林艳红 吴金明[2] 田辉伍[2] 李君轶[2] 杜浩[2] LU Shengchao;YE Haiming;LIN Yanhong;WU Jinming;TIAN Huiwu;LI Junyi;DU Hao(College of Animal Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学,动物科学学院/高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉430223 [3]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第6期35-47,共13页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32102799);长江珍稀濒危鱼类保护创新团队项目(2023TD08)。

摘　　要：为了解禁捕初期长江上游宜宾段鱼类群落结构特征及年际变化,本研究基于2018-2022年共5年的鱼类科研捕捞监测数据进行统计分析,结果显示5年间共监测到鱼类90种,隶属于4目14科57属,其中长江上游特有鱼类18种,占总种类数的20%。等级聚类分析(Cluster)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,在42.16%的相似水平上,宜宾段鱼类群落可聚分为2组,分别为2018-2019年和2020-2022年。5年间鱼类优势种组成差异较大,优势种以瓦氏黄颡鱼和吻(Rhinogobio typus)等中小型鱼类为主,优势种种类及规格发生明显变化,禁捕后宜宾段瓦氏黄颡鱼优势体长与优势体重年际变化均呈增长趋势,显示小型化趋势得到一定的缓解。多样性指数显示Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数在2022年达到顶峰,整体波动较大,Pielou指数和Simpson指数则较为稳定,无明显波动。ABC曲线结果显示,禁捕后宜宾段鱼类群落结构总体呈稳定态势。长江十年禁渔制度的全面实施有效缓解了长江上游鱼类小型化趋势,禁捕初期宜宾段鱼类群落结构总体稳定。Due to its special geographical form and habitat type,the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have cultivated rich and diverse fish resources,showing high biodiversity.According to historical records,the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are rich in fishery resources,with 286 species of fish,and 112 species of endemic fish,accounting for the highest proportion in the domestic water system,and also an important treasure house of freshwater fish resources in China.The"National Nature Reserve of Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River"was established in 2005,and the functional zoning and scope were adjusted in 2011.The establishment of the reserve has protected the fish resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to a certain extent.As the first city in the protected area core,Yibin City is in a very special geographical position,where the Jinsha River and the Minjiang River join together to form the Yangtze River.The rare and endangered and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Psephurus gladius and Acipenser dabryanus,were the main protected objects in the Yibin section of the protected area,which had an important ecological barrier role.With the construction of the Three Gorges Dam,Xiangjiaba and other large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects,the original river ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River had been divided into discontinuous environmental units,and migratory fish had been blocked out,which had seriously affected their habitat distribution and population reproduction.Large migratory and carnivorous fish such as Psephurus gladius,Anguilla japonica,Luciobrama macrocephalus,and Ochetobius elongatus had been elusive in the wild for many years.At the same time,it also changed the hydrological environment and the structure of food biomes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,destroying habitats required by endemic fish in the upper reaches,and the fishery resources showed an obvious decline trend.On January 1,2018,the"ten-ye

关 键 词：禁捕初期 长江上游 鱼类群落 结构特征 年际变化 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]