应用实测强震动记录的地震动场快速推测方法  

Rapid inference method of ground-motion field using observed strong motion recordings

作　　者：张世亮 马强[1,2] 陶冬旺 解全才 王江[1,2] 钱亮 薛韬[1,2] 卢建旗 ZHANG ShiLiang;MA Qiang;TAO DongWang;XIE QuanCai;WANG Jiang;QIAN Liang;XUE Tao;LU JianQi(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [2]地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2024年第11期4171-4188,共18页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2022C07);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2022E119);国家自然科学基金(U2039209)联合资助。

摘　　要：致灾性地震动是引起土木工程破坏的根本原因, 震后秒至分钟级的地震动场快速推测是紧急处置、灾害链阻断、灾情获取及震后精准救援的重要依据, 也是震后情景构建和城乡地震韧性评估的关键输入.为了震后快速推测目标区域内无观测仪器场点的地震动时程, 本文首先通过反距离权重插值方法快速推测无观测仪器场点的地震动幅值谱, 结合基于等效群速度的地震动相位谱模型, 发展了一种非平稳地震动快速推测方法;随后引入Delaunay三角剖分算法, 发展了一种分钟级的宽频带地震动场快速推测方法, 并采用实际震例验证方法在不同台网密度下的应用效果.结果表明, 在0.1~25.0 Hz频段, 推测与实测记录的幅值谱在幅值、谱形、卓越频率及高频衰减特征方面有很好的一致性;推测与实测记录的波形、地面峰值加速度(Peak Ground Acceleration, PGA)与速度(Peak Ground Velocity, PGV)、震相到时、加速度反应谱(Acceleration Response Spectrum, Sa)等非常接近, 通过地震动场得到的仪器地震烈度与调查地震烈度基本一致.本文方法实现了地震动波形场近实时计算, 可为烈度速报等近实时地震减灾和应急工作快速提供任意场点地震动时程.Destructive ground motion is the primary cause of damage in civil engineering structures during earthquakes. Rapid inference of the ground motion field within seconds to minutes after an earthquake is crucial for emergency response, disaster chain interruption, disaster assessment, and precise post-earthquake rescue operations. It also serves as a key input for post-earthquake scenario construction and assessing urban and rural seismic resilience. To rapidly infer the ground motion time histories at locations without observational instruments, this study first employs an inverse-distance-weighted interpolation method to infer the amplitude spectra of ground motion at uninstrumented sites. By integrating a phase spectrum model based on equivalent group velocity, a method for the rapid inference of non-stationary ground motion is developed. Subsequently, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is introduced to develop a broadband ground motion field inference method on a minute scale. The method is validated using real earthquake cases under different station densities. Results indicate that in the 0.1~25.0 Hz frequency range, the inferred amplitude spectra align well with observed results regarding amplitude, spectral shape, predominant frequency, and high-frequency attenuation characteristics. The inferred waveforms, peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), phase arrival times, and acceleration response spectrum (Sa) are in close agreement with the observed results. The instrumental seismic intensity derived from the inferred ground motion field closely matches the investigated seismic intensity. The proposed method enables near-real-time calculation of ground motion waveforms, providing rapid inference of ground motion time histories for any target location, thereby supporting rapid seismic intensity reporting and other near-real-time earthquake disaster mitigation and emergency response efforts.

关 键 词：宽频带地震动场 反距离权重插值 DELAUNAY三角剖分 地震动幅值谱 地震动相位谱 地震应急 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]