2023年山东省莱州市法定呼吸道传染病流行特征及症状监测  

Epidemiological characteristic and symptom monitoring and analysis of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Laizhou City,Shandong Province in 2023

作　　者：李金萍 刘爱芹 张瑜 李佳辉 朱嘉茹 LI Jinping;LIU Aiqin;ZHANG Yu;LI Jiahui;ZHU Jiaru(Laizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai,Shandong 261400,China)

机构地区：[1]莱州市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台261400

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2024年第10期759-763,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的掌握2023年山东省莱州市法定呼吸道传染病流行病学特征、呼吸道症状特点,为呼吸道传染病的预防控制提供科学数据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统、山东省传染病监测数据采集预警系统分别收集莱州市法定呼吸道传染病发病数据和症状监测数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析2023年莱州市法定呼吸道传染病发病特征及与呼吸道症状的相关性。结果2023年莱州市报告法定呼吸道传染病5914例,报告发病率为715.16/10万,高于2022年发病率(33.06/10万)和2020—2022年年均发病水平(55.74/10万)(χ^(2)=9410.370,P<0.05),其中,新型冠状病毒感染(新冠感染)、流行性感冒(流感)、肺结核、猩红热报告发病率均有不同程度的上升。全年共经历3个发病高峰,分别为1月、3月和12月,1月以新冠感染(99.46%)为主;3月以流感(81.96%)为主,其次为新冠感染(12.02%);12月以流感为主(95.84%)。发病居前3位的乡镇(街道)为文昌路街道(1484.79/10万)、三山岛街道(1445.55/10万)、永安路街道(1100.78/10万)。男女比为1.20∶1,≥60岁年龄组发病率最高(328.80/10万),其次为<20岁年龄组(197.23/10万);职业以农民(52.32%)、学生(16.04%)为主。发生1起学校甲型H3型流感暴发疫情。流感哨点医院监测数据分析显示,发热、咳嗽与呼吸道传染病有线性相关(r分别为0.735、0.683,P均<0.05)。结论2023年莱州市法定呼吸道传染病以新冠感染和流感发病为主,冬春季高发,老年群体和学生为重点防控人群,应加强发热、咳嗽为主要症状的监测工作,密切关注重点人群和重点场所呼吸道传染病疫情形势。Objective This study amid to monitor and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases and associated symptoms in Laizhou in 2023,to inform evidence-based strategies for respiratory infectious disease prevention and control.Methods Data on respiratory infectious diseases and symptoms were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,the Shandong infectious disease surveillance data collection and early warning system.Descriptive Epidemiological methods were applied to examine the distribution and outbreak characteristics of respiratory diseases in Laizhou City in 2023,as well as the relationship between disease incidence and symptoms.Results In2023,a total of 5914 cases of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases were reported in Laizhou City,with an incidence rate of715.16/100000,marking a significant increase compared to 2022(33.06/100000)and the average incidence rate of 2020-2022(55.74/100000)(χ^(2)=9410.370,P<0.05).Notable increases were observed in COVID-19,influenza,pulmonary tuberculosis and scarlet fever,with three distinct peaks in January(COVID-19:99.46%),March(influenza:81.96%;COVID-19:12.02%),and December(influenza:95.84%).The diseases affected all 17 towns,with the highest reported incidence rates in Wenchang Road Street(1484.79/100000),Sanshandao Street(1445.55/100000),and Yong'an Road Street(1100.78/100000).The incidence was highest in individuals aged 60 and above(328.80/100000),followed by those under 20(197.23/100000).The male to female ratio was 1.20∶1,with farmers(52.32%)and students(16.04%)being the most affected occupations.Influenza A Type H3caused a school outbreak.Symptom monitoring and correlation analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between fever(r=0.735,P<0.05)and cough(r=0.683,P<0.05)with respiratory infectious diseases.Conclusions In 2023,Laizhou City faced a heightened incidence of respiratory infectious diseases,primarily driven by COVID-19 and influenza,with peak occurrences in winter and s

关 键 词：呼吸道传染病 流行病学监测 症状监测 暴发 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统]