优化基肥和提苗肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响  

Effects of optimizing fertilizer for raising seedlings and base fertilizer on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：李旭[1] 金江华[1] 于大鹏[1] 崔日男 张守荣 李思军 陈焘 邓永晟 夏冰[3] 黄杰 邓小华[3] LI Xu;JIN Jianghua;YU Dapeng;CUI Rinan;ZHANG Shourong;LI Sijun;CHEN Tao;DENG Yongshen;XIA Bing;HUANG Jie;DENG Xiaohua(Jilin Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd,Yanji,Jilin 133000,China;Guiyang Branch,Hunan Chenzhou Municipal Tobacco Company,Chenzhou,Hunan 424400,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Huanan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林烟草工业有限责任公司,吉林延吉133000 [2]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县分公司,湖南郴州424400 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第11期13-20,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖南省创新平台和人才计划-湖湘英才项目(2020RC3073);吉林烟草工业有限责任公司科技项目(KJXM-2023-15);郴州市烟草专卖局科技项目(CZYC2022JS06)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确基肥中添加微生物菌剂和提苗肥中添加尿素对稻茬烤烟促早生快发的效果。【方法】以云烟87为材料,采用双因素试验,设计基肥施用方法(基肥中未添加微生物菌剂、基肥中添加微生物菌剂),以及提苗肥施用方法(单施烟草专用提苗肥、单施尿素、烟草专用提苗肥和尿素混施),研究了微生物菌剂、优化提苗肥及其互作对烤烟的农艺性状、干物质量、养分积累,以及烟叶的物理性状、化学成分、感官质量和经济性状的影响。【结果】基肥中添加微生物菌剂和烟草专用提苗肥配施尿素可增加最大烟叶面积,提高烤烟干物质量和氮、磷、钾养分积累量,提高烟叶物理性状指数、化学成分可用性指数、感官质量和经济效果指数,增加烟叶产值,但施用尿素作提苗肥可提高叶片厚度、叶面积质量和烟碱含量。优化基肥添加微生物菌剂和提苗肥处理烟叶的物理性状指数、化学成分可用性指数、感官质量和经济效果指数较传统施肥方法分别提高2.85%,18.48%,9.79%和3.76%。【结论】稻茬烤烟穴施基肥中添加微生物菌剂、专用提苗肥中适量配施尿素可以作为促进烤烟早生快发的一项技术措施,但必须控制施氮总量。【Objective】 This study aimed to clarify the effects of adding microbial agents in base fertili-zer and adding urea in seedling-raising fertilizer on promoting early growth and rapid development of paddy-tobacco.【Method】 Yunyan 87 was used as the material and a two-factor experiment was used to design two application methods of base fertilizer(with or without adding microbial agents) and three application methods of seedling-raising fertilizer(single application of special tobacco seedling-raising fertilizer,single application of urea and their mixed application).The effects of microbial agents,seedling-raising fertilizer and their interaction on agronomic properties,dry matter and nutrient accumulation as well as economic properties,physical properties,chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were stu-died.【Result】 Adding microbial agents and special tobacco seedling-raising fertilizer combined with urea increased the maximum tobacco leaf area,accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,physical property index,chemical component availability index,sensory quality and economic benefits.Urea fertilizer increased leaf thickness,leaf area quality and nicotine content.Compared with traditional fertilization methods,physical characteristics index,chemical component availability index,sensory quality and economic benefits of tobacco leaf were increased by 2.85%,18.48%,9.79% and 3.76%,respectively.【Conclusion】 Adding microbial agents to the base fertilizer and adding urea to the seedling fertilizer promoted early growth and rapid development of paddy-tobacco,but total nitrogen application amount must be controlled.

关 键 词：烤烟生长 烟叶品质 微生物菌剂 提苗肥 稻作烟区 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]