基于DRAINMOD-S和-NⅡ模型的黄河三角洲盐碱地玉米施氮策略  

Optimizing the nitrogen application strategies for maize in the coastal saline-alkali fields in the Yellow River Delta based on DRAINMOD-S and-N II models

作　　者：罗颖琪 许艳奇 陈书涵 牛牧 左强 石建初 吴训 LUO Yingqi;XU Yanqi;CHEN Shuhan;NIU Mu;ZUO Qiang;SHI Jianchu;WU Xun(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193,China;Guangzhou Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510140,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国热带农业科学院广州实验站,广州510140

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第19期93-104,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52209075,52339003,U1706211);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900803)。

摘　　要：玉米是黄河三角洲(简称黄三角)滨海盐碱区主要粮食作物之一,氮肥合理施用对于促进该地区玉米产量提升、养分资源高效利用以及生态环境改善至关重要。为了明确该地区玉米的适宜施氮量和施氮制度,该研究基于2 a(2019—2020年)玉米栽培田间滴灌施肥试验,校验和评估DRAINMOD-S和DRAINMOD-NⅡ模型在该地区的适用性和可靠性,从而确定田间排水沟/管间距和建立玉米适宜施氮量估算模型与施氮制度。结果表明:1)DRAINMOD-S和-NⅡ模型可较准确地模拟黄三角滨海盐碱农田地下水埋深、土壤含盐量和硝态氮含量分布的动态变化,其模拟值与实测值之间的决定系数R2均大于0.80,标准化均方根误差(normalized root mean squared error,NRMSE)均低于25%;2)通过分析排水间距与土壤渍水和盐分胁迫减产效应间的关系,推荐该地区排水间距可设为17 m;3)在兼顾作物氮素需求(即吸氮量满足玉米自身需求)、土壤持续供氮能力(收获后土壤无机氮储量与播种时大抵相近)及养分淋失风险可控(氮淋失量尽量小)等目标的前提下,基于数值模拟确定了不同气候和初始土壤无机氮含量条件下的玉米适宜施氮量,并建立了其与主要环境变量如降雨量、降雨强度和初始土壤无机氮含量之间的定量关系(R^(2)=0.70,P<0.01);4)评估了典型枯水年、平水年、丰水年施肥1~3次下不同施肥时期组合的影响,表明不同水文年里都可选择在玉米拔节期-抽雄期(或拔节期-抽雄期-灌浆期)追施氮肥2(3)次。研究结果可为黄河三角洲滨海盐碱农田玉米氮素管理提供参考。Maize is one of the major grain crops in the coastal saline-alkali area of the Yellow River Delta(YRD).Rational application of nitrogen fertilizer is crucial to promote crop yield,nutrient resources,and ecological environment.In this study,the DRAINMOD-S and DRAINMOD-N II models were evaluated using a 2-year field drip irrigation experiment of maize,in order to appropriately determine the nitrogen application rate and scheme for maize.Subsequently,the proper drainage spacing was also determined.A systematic investigation was implemented to explore the effects of climate change,initial soil mineral nitrogen content,and total nitrogen application rate on plant nitrogen uptake,soil nitrogen leaching,and nitrogen storage.A multiple regression model was proposed to estimate the optimal nitrogen application rate of maize.The specific periods of nitrogen application were optimized after numerical simulation.Results showed that the DRAINMOD-S and-NII models accurately simulated the dynamics of groundwater depth,the distributions of soil salt content,and nitrate nitrogen content in the coastal saline-alkali farmland of YRD.The determination coefficients(R^(2))between the simulated and measured values were consistently greater than 0.80,and the normalized root mean squared error(NRMSE)was not more than 25%.According to the relationship between the drainage spacing and the soil waterlogging and salinity stress response functions(to describe the effects of environmental stress on crop yield).The drainage spacing was recommended to be 17 m in the study area.Some considerations were included the maize nitrogen requirements(meaning that plant nitrogen absorption was met own need),continuous supply of soil nitrogen(the contents of soil mineral nitrogen at harvest and at sowing were similar to each other),and nitrogen leaching risk(nitrogen leaching was as low as possible).There was a quantitative relationship between the optimal nitrogen application rate of maize and the main environmental influencing factors,including rainfall,

关 键 词：农田排水 DRAINMOD-S模型 DRAINMOD-NⅡ模型 氮素管理 数值模拟 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]