黄河中游地区生态安全格局时空演变及优化策略  

Spatio-temporal evolution and optimization strategy of ecological security pattern in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River of China

作　　者：王争磊 乔家君[1] 刘海龙 王改艳 冯琰玮 朱乾坤 WANG Zhenglei;QIAO Jiajun;LIU Hailong;WANG Gaiyan;FENG Yanwei;ZHU Qiankun(Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions,College of Geography and Environmental Science,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室/地理与环境学院,开封475004 [2]山西师范大学地理科学学院,太原030000 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第19期231-239,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371223,42071220)。

摘　　要：把握生态安全格局动态变化的趋势和特征,识别亟需修复的生态区域,对维系区域生态安全,促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义。基于形态学空间格局分析方法并叠加国家自然保护区筛选生态源地,使用电路理论模型识别生态廊道、生态夹点区和生态障碍区,构建黄河中游地区2000—2020年的生态安全格局并分析其时空动态变化特征。结果表明:生态源地的数量和面积基本保持稳定,东部盆地和山区分布密集,西部高原分布较为稀疏。生态廊道由2000年的96条演变为2020年的103条,密集分布在山地广布的东部,西部生态廊道稀疏且跨越距离较长。生态夹点区面积保持稳定,障碍区面积呈小幅下降趋势,夹点区和障碍区以源地和廊道连接的区域及廊道的中间位置分布最为密集。生态安全格局呈现东南密集、西北稀疏的空间格局,夹点保护区在西部廊道稀疏区域变动频繁,障碍修复区集中分布在人类活动强度较大的盆地或平原,源地保护区稀疏的区域更需要稳定的“中转站”以维持长距离的廊道连接,廊道数量和长度呈增加趋势,生态安全格局整体朝着良好方向发展。黄河中游地区东部和西部生态安全格局的空间差异是由东部集中分布的高强度人类活动与生态环境良好的山区、西部脆弱的生态环境与不合理的开发活动共同作用所导致的。针对黄河中游生态安全格局存在的具体问题及实际生态状况,提出了保护与修复生态源地、生态廊道等生态要素的措施。研究结果可为黄河中游地区生态安全格局的优化及生态环境高质量发展提供科学参考与借鉴。The Yellow River Basin is geographically critical to protect the ecological environment in China.But there is a large demand for agriculture,rapid economy as well as ecological and environmental pressure in the Yellow River Basin,especially in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR)at present.An ecological security pattern(ESP)is also very urgent to clarify the ecological bottom line and areas for restoration,in order to maintain a green ecological protection barrier.Taking MRYR as the study area,this study aims to construct a scientific ESP for the restoration and protection of the ecological environment.Firstly,the core area was calculated using morphological spatial pattern analysis.The national nature reserve was also superimposed to screen the ecological sources.Secondly,a comprehensive system was constructed for the resistance surface indicator.Then the circuit theory model was used to identify the ecological corridors,ecological pinch points,and barrier areas.The ESP of MRYR was constructed to obtain the dynamic trends and features of ESP from 2000 to 2020.Finally,some strategies were proposed to optimize the ESP for ecological and environmental protection,according to specific ecological conditions.The results showed that the number and area of ecological sources remained basically stable.The eastern basin and mountains were distributed densely,while the western plateau was distributed more sparsely.The number of ecological corridors evolved from 96 in 2000 to 103 in 2020.There was a dense distribution in the eastern part of the country,where the mountains were widespread.While in the western part of the country,the ecological corridors were sparse and spanned longer distances.The area of ecological pinch points remained stable.A slight decreasing trend was observed in the area of barrier areas.The pinch points and barrier areas were most densely distributed in the connecting area of the source and the corridor and in the middle of the corridor.The ESP presented a dense spatial pattern in the southea

关 键 词：生态 模型 安全格局 电路理论 形态空间格局 时空演变 黄河中游地区 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]