59份苜蓿种质种子表型性状遗传多样性分析及评价  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Seed Phenotypic Traits and Evaluation of 59 Alfalfa Germplasms

作　　者：黄雷 谢文辉 鲁林欣 高海娟 刘晓燕 赵丽丽[1] Huang Lei;Xie Wenhui;Lu Linxin;Gao Haijuan;Liu Xiaoyan;Zhao Lili(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第10期34-42,共9页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260340,32060391);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般155,黔科合平台人才[2021]5636号);贵州省教育厅科技拔尖人才项目(黔教技[2022]076号)。

摘　　要：本研究选取59份来源不同的苜蓿种质种子为试材,分析不同种质间种子表型性状的遗传变异,基于数字图像系统得出并分析其种子长、种子宽、长宽比、种子周长、种子形状系数、百粒重和种子厚共7个种子形态指标,进而结合种子形态指标评估不同种质种子表型性状的基因型方差分量、表型方差分量、基因型方差系数、表型方差系数、广义遗传力和遗传增益。结果表明,59份苜蓿种质间的种子表型性状均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),表型性状的变异系数在1.87%~35.18%之间。各种子表型性状中,百粒重的表型方差系数(PCV)、基因型方差系数(GCV)值均最大,百粒重和种子厚的广义遗传力(H^(2)b)分别位于第一和第二位。各表型性状之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。通过聚类热图分析看出,当欧式距离为50时,59份苜蓿种质可分成三大类群。结合遗传力和遗传增益对59份苜蓿种质进行综合评价,综合性状优良种质的编号分别为712(WL712)、440(WL440HQ)、5(维多利亚)、28、801(巨能801)、525(WL525HQ)和21(无棣苜蓿)。综上,59份苜蓿种质种子具有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究结果可为苜蓿种质种子性状改良、选种育种提供一定理论依据。In this study,the seeds of 59 alfalfa germplasms from different sources were used as test materials to analyze the genetic variation of seed phenotype traits among different germplasms.Based on a digital image system,seven seed morphology indicators including seed length,width,ratio of length to width,circumference,shape coefficient,hundred-seed weight and thickness were obtained for analysis.The genotype variance component,phenotype variance component,genotype variance coefficient(GCV),phenotype variance coefficient(PCV),generalized heritability and genetic gain of seed phenotype traits of different germplasms were evaluated by combining the seed morphology indicators.The results showed that there were significant differences(P<0.01)in seed phenotypic traits among 59 alfalfa germplasms,with the coefficient of variation ranging from 1.87%to 35.18%.Among the seed phenotypic traits,the PCV and GCV of hundred-seed weight were the highest,and the generalized heritability(H^(2)b)of hundred-seed weight and seed thickness were ranked first and second,respectively.There were significant correlations(P<0.05)between the seed phenotypic traits.Through analyzing the clustering heatmap,it could be seen that when the Euclidean distance was 50,the 59 alfalfa germplasms could be divided into three groups.A comprehensive evaluation on the 59 alfalfa germplasms was conducted based on their heritability and genetic gain,and the germplasms with excellent comprehensive traits were selected which were numbered 712(WL712),440(WL440HQ),5(Victoria),28,801(Juneng 801),525(WL525HQ)and 21(WudiAlfalfa),respectively.In summary,seeds of the 59 alfalfa germplasms had rich genetic diversity.These results of this study could provide the theoretical basis for improvement of seed traits and breeding of alfalfa germplasms.

关 键 词：苜蓿 种子性状 表型变异 遗传力 综合评价 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]