温度对不同油酸含量花生品种种子萌发的影响  

Effect of Temperature on Germination of Peanut Seeds with Different Oleic Acid Contents

作　　者：刘树云 丁沙 张建成[3] 于天一[3] Liu Shuyun;Ding Sha;Zhang Jiancheng;Yu Tianyi(Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan 250000,China;School of Agriculture,Ludong University,Yantai 264002,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250000 [2]鲁东大学农学院,山东烟台264002 [3]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第10期49-54,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目:喀什地区高油酸花生全程机械化与绿色高效栽培技术示范推广项目(YDZX2022131)。

摘　　要：本试验在人工气候箱内采用培养皿发芽方式,研究普通和高油酸花生种子萌发对温度响应的差异,温度设置为10.0、12.5、15.0、20.0、25.0、30.0、35.0℃,品种包含高油酸大花生品种(GD,花育951)、高油酸小花生品种(GX,花育51)、普通大花生品种(PD,花育22)和普通小花生品种(PX,花育20)。结果表明:(1)在15.0~35.0℃范围内,4个花生品种的总出芽率均为100.0%;10.0℃时,2个普通花生品种(PD、PX)的总出芽率均较低,分别为60.0%和56.7%,两个高油酸花生品种(GD、GX)则几乎不能出芽;12.5℃时,2个高油酸花生品种的总出芽率仍较低,分别为70.0%和40.0%,2个普通花生品种则均达到100%。(2)出芽动态结果显示,低温(10.0℃和12.5℃)和高温(35.0℃)条件下,2个高油酸花生品种的瞬时出芽率明显低于2个普通品种,15.0~30.0℃范围内这种差异明显减小。(3)多数情况下,高油酸花生品种出芽的平均速率和最高速率低于相同果型的普通花生品种;在10.0℃和12.5℃条件下,GD的出芽平均速率较PD分别降低80.6%和31.7%,GX较PX分别降低97.1%和67.6%。(4)与普通花生品种相比,高油酸花生品种在不同温度条件下的出芽高峰期、始盛期和盛末期均推迟。综上可知,低温(≤12.5℃)时,高油酸花生品种的瞬时出芽率及总出芽率均明显低于相同果型的普通花生品种,高油酸花生品种的适宜出芽温度为15.0~35.0℃。The differences in seed germination response to different temperatures between common and high-oleic acid peanut varieties were investigated through a petri dish experiment conducted in an artificial climate chamber.The temperatures were set as 10.0,12.5,15.0,20.0,25.0,30.0 and 35.0℃.The varieties used as test materials included high-oleic acid large peanut variety(GD,Huayu 951),high-oleic acid small peanut variety(GX,Huayu 51),common large peanut variety(PD,Huayu 22)and common small peanut variety(PX,Huayu 20).The results were as follows.(1)The total germination rates of the four peanut varieties were all 100.0%at 15.0℃to 35.0℃.At 10.0℃,the total germination rates of the two common peanut varieties(PD and PX)were both lower as 60.0%and 56.7%respectively,but the two high-oleic acid peanut varieties(GD and GX)exhibited negligible germination.At 12.5℃,the total germination rates of the two high-oleic acid peanut varieties remained low as 70.0%and 40.0%respectively,while both the common peanut varieties achieved the total germination rate of 100%.(2)The germination dynamics showed that the instantaneous germination rate of the two high-oleic acid varieties was obviously lower than that of the two common varieties at low temperatures(10.0℃and 12.5℃)and high temperature(35.0℃).The differences between high-oleic acid varieties and common varieties decreased in the range of 15.0℃to 30.0℃.(3)In most cases,the average and maximum germination rates of high-oleic acid varieties were lower than those of common varieties with the same pod type.Under the conditions of 10.0℃and 12.5℃,the average germination volocity GD were 80.6%and 31.7%lower than that of PD respectively,while that of GX were 97.1%and 67.6%lower than that of PX.(4)Compared to the common peanut varieties,the fastigium,incipient and telophase stages of high-oleic acid varieties were all delayed under various temperature conditions.In summary,at low temperature(≤12.5℃),the instantaneous and total germination rates of high-oleic acid pe

关 键 词：高油酸花生 温度 总出芽率 瞬时出芽率 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]