基于改进DMAIC的打磨工人工效学模型与作业姿势改善  

An Ergonomics Model and Posture Improvement for Grinding Workers Based on an Improved DMAIC Approach

作　　者：郭春东 李云浩 颜硕 沈琳 GUO Chundong;LI Yunhao;YAN Shuo;SHEN Lin(School of Economic and Management,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050091,China;Kingfar International Inc.,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学经济管理学院,河北石家庄050091 [2]北京津发科技股份有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《工业工程》2024年第5期53-63,共11页Industrial Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61440012);河北省软科学基金资助项目(174576236D);石家庄市软科学资助项目(215790165A)。

摘　　要：为改进打磨工人作业姿势、减少罹患工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)风险,对某制药设备企业压力容器车间打磨工人的作业姿势开展实验研究。在DMAIC模型基础上,提出在改进(I)阶段增加仿真验证分析(S)、在控制(C)阶段增加执行(E)分析的DMASIEC工作改善模型;采用Xsens MVN动作捕捉系统与Jack TAT工具同步联合分析的方法,设计、开展基于生理信号和主观评价的测度指标的作业姿势改善沉浸式实景实验;结合Jack对打磨工作业姿势的仿真验证,提出能够减少作业疲劳的打磨工作台和作业改善指导方法。结果表明,开展相同的作业任务时,打磨工L4/L5脊椎处压力约为原有压力的1/4,工作姿势评级均为AC1;3名打磨工表征作业疲劳的sEMG和HRV指标由蹲姿作业转为坐姿作业后发生了显著变化(P<0.05);改善后的工作台和操作方法有助于改善作业姿势对肌肉骨骼系统的不良影响。In order to improve the working posture of grinding workers and reduce the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),an experimental study is carried out on the working postures of grinding workers in the pressure vessel workshop of a pharmaceutical equipment company.Based on the DMAIC model,a DMASIEC work improvement model is proposed which adds simulation(S)verification analysis in the improvement(I)stage and execution(E)analysis in the control(C)stage.Using the Xsens MVN motion capture system and the Jack TAT tool in a synchronized joint analysis method,an immersive real-world experiment for job posture improvement based on physiological signals and subjective evaluation indicators is designed and carried out.Through the simulation verification of grinding postures using Jack,a guideline for improving grinding worktable and operations is proposed to reduce work fatigue.Results show that the pressure on the L4/L5 spines of grinding workers is about 1/4 of the original pressure when performing the same task,and all working posture ratings are AC1;significant changes(P<0.05)in sEMG and HRV fatigue indicators are observed in three workers after transitioning from a squatting to a sitting posture;the improved worktable and operational guidance contribute to mitigating the adverse effects of working posture on the musculoskeletal system.

关 键 词：工效学 DMAIC模型 表面肌电 心率变异性 Jack仿真 

分 类 号：TB18[一般工业技术] F428[经济管理—产业经济]