化肥减施配施微生物菌剂对沾化冬枣生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Microbial Fungicide Application on TheGrowth, Yield and Quality of Zhanhua Winter Jujube

作　　者：张智强 胡焕平 盖志君 吴振美 ZHANG Zhiqiang;HU Huanping;GAI Zhijun;WU Zhenmei(Binzhou City Bincheng District Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Brigade,Binzhou Shandong 256600,China;Bincheng Forestry Technology Service Center,Binzhou City,Binzhou Shandong 256600,China;Bincheng Government Service Center,Binzhou City,Binzhou Shandong 256600,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Zhanhua District,Binzhou City,Binzhou Shandong 256800,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州市滨城区综合行政执法大队,山东滨州256600 [2]滨州市滨城区林业技术服务中心,山东滨州256600 [3]滨州市滨城区政务服务中心,山东滨州256600 [4]滨州市沾化区农业技术推广中心,山东滨州256800

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2024年第6期43-46,共4页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：滨州市农社领域科技特派员助力乡村振兴行动计划(2023KTPY006)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究化肥减施配施微生物菌剂对冬枣生长、产量和品质的影响,以确定在微生物菌剂配施下化肥的最佳减施比例,旨在促进冬枣产量和品质的提升,进而提升农户种植效益。【方法】2023年在山东省滨州市沾化区下洼镇曹庙村冬枣种植园开展研究,以基地6年生沾化冬枣为试验材料,设置了当地常规施肥量处理及当地常规施肥量减施(减少比例分别为0、10%、20%、30%、40%)的同时配施微生物菌剂处理,共计6个处理,研究不同化肥减施比例配施微生物菌剂处理对沾化冬枣盛花期光合特性参数指标、产量和品质的影响。【结果】结果表明,当地常规施肥量减施20%的同时配施微生物菌剂处理下,冬枣盛花期功能叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度值最大,分别为13.26μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、5.23 mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)和13.26 mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);单果质量和产量最大,分别为19.83 g和28.36 g/株;冬枣果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、可溶性糖质量分数和维生素C含量最高,分别为26.38 mm、26.94 mm、1.021、23.08%和291.67 mg/g。【结论】在山东省滨州市沾化区沾化冬枣种植生产中,以当地常规施肥量减施20%的同时配施微生物菌剂处理对沾化冬枣果树生长发育、产量和品质的提升效果最优。【Objective】The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fungicides on the growth,yield and quality of winter jujube were studied to determine the optimal reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer under the combined application of microbial fungicides,in order to to promote the enhancement of yield and quality,and then to enhance the planting efficiency of farmers.【Methods】This study was carried out in 2023 in the winter jujube plantation in Caomiao Village,Xiwa Town,Zhanhua District,Binzhou City,Shandong Province,taking the 6-year-old Zhanhua winter jujube trees in this planting base as the experimental materials,and a total of 6 treatments were set up,including the treatment of the local conventional fertilizer amount,the treatment of the local conventional fertilizer amount reduction(the reduction proportion of which was 0%,10%,20%,30%,and 40%respectively)with microbial fungicides dosing at the same time,respectively,and a total of 6 treatments,respectively,with the control,treatment 1,treatment 2,treatment 3,treatment 4 and treatment 5,respectively,to study the effects of different fertilizer reduction ratios and microbial agent treatment on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of Zhanhua winter jujube during the blooming period.【Results】The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of functional leaves at the flowering stage under the treatment of 20%reduction of local conventional fertilizer application and microbial fungicide were the largest,respectively 13.26μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),5.23mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) and 13.26mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);the weight of a single fruit and the maximum yield were 19.83g and 28.36 g/plant;the horizontal diameter of winter jujube fruit,longitudinal diameter of fruit,fruit type index,soluble sugar content and vitamin C content were the highest,respectively 26.38mm,26.94mm,26.94mm,and 28.36g/plant.19.83g and 28.36g/plant;winter jujube fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,fr

关 键 词：沾化冬枣 化肥减施 光合特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]