废旧锂电池综合回收利用技术研究  

Research on Comprehensive Recycling Technology of Waste Lithium Batteries

作　　者：陈雨阳 刘勇 周成乾 周勇 周洋 罗佳[1] CHEN Yu-yang;LIU Yong;ZHOU Cheng-qian;ZHOU Yong;ZHOU Yang;LUO Jia(China International Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]中机国际工程设计研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2024年第5期103-108,共6页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

基　　金：中国机械工业集团有限公司青年科技基金项目(CX-A-2022-0016)。

摘　　要：为解决当前废旧磷酸铁锂电池造成的环境污染以及锂资源供不应求的问题,利用回收的废旧磷酸铁锂电池为原料,创新性地提出了一种双极膜的方法:酸浸所得Li_(2)SO_(4)经双极膜电渗析制备LiOH,进而获得精制Li_(2)CO_(3),最终制成电池级LiFePO_(4)正极材料。主要工艺包括磷酸铁锂电池破碎分选、黑粉浸出、料液除杂、磷酸铁以及磷酸铁锂的合成,从而获得Li_(2)CO_(3)、FePO_(4)主产品及铝粒、铜粒等副产物,并通过合成再生技术,获得了符合GB/T 30835—2014中Ⅰ级品标准的LiFePO_(4)正极材料。所制备LiFePO_(4)产品具有96%以上的首次库仑效率及94.5%以上的倍率性能。该工艺达到了节约LiFePO_(4)生产成本、实现可再生资源回收利用的目的。To address the environmental pollution caused by waste lithium iron phosphate batteries and the shortage of lithium resources,an innovative bipolar membrane method was proposed using recycled waste lithium iron phosphate batteries as the raw materials.LiOH was prepared from acid leached Li_(2)SO_(4) by bi-polar membrane electrodialysis,then refined Li_(2)CO_(3) was obtained,and battery grade LiFePO_(4) cathode ma-terial was ultimately prepared.The main processes include crushing and sorting of lithium iron phosphate battery,black powder leaching,impurity removal of material liquid,and synthesis of iron phosphate and lithium iron phosphate,thereby obtaining the main products of Li_(2)CO_(3) and FePO_(4) and by-products such as aluminum particles and copper particles.Through synthesis regeneration technology,LiFePO_(4) cathode ma-terials that meet the gradeⅠstandard in GB/T 30835-2014 are obtained.The prepared LiFePO_(4) products have a first coulombic efficiency of over 96%and a rate performance of over 94.5%.This process achieves the goal of saving production costs of LiFePO_(4) and realizing the recycling of renewable resources.

关 键 词：磷酸铁锂电池 回收利用 破碎分选 湿法冶金 双极膜 Li_(2)CO_(3) 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]