大型风力机叶片前缘的雨滴冲击动力学响应机制  

Dynamic response mechanism of raindrop impact on leading edge of large wind turbine blades

作　　者：张建宇[1] 冯梦洁 郭旭 杜晓钟[3] ZHANG Jianyu;FENG Mengjie;GUO Xu;DU Xiaozhong(Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Changzhou Hexindaxu New Energy Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213000,China;School of Energy and Materials Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Jincheng 048011,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学先进制造技术北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]常州合欣达旭新能源科技发展有限公司,江苏常州213000 [3]太原科技大学能源与材料工程学院,山西晋城048011

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第21期1-11,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52475082,51675009)。

摘　　要：随着近年海上风力机设计的大型化,叶片前缘的雨蚀失效问题变得愈发突出,不仅影响机组的风能转化效率,对结构的稳定运行也构成潜在威胁。采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smooth particle hydrodynamics,SPH)法研究雨滴内部的本构关系,以有限元法(finite element method,FEM)建立叶片前缘的代表性体积单元(representative volume element,RVE)模型,两者相互耦合,研究雨滴在叶片表面形成的冲击响应过程。考虑自然降雨的实际工况,建立与降雨强度相关联的雨滴尺寸模型,以及雨滴的空间分布模型;通过单雨滴的冲击仿真,研究叶片表面冲击载荷以及雨滴内部的速度分布,从而解构雨滴冲击的物理过程,并通过冲击的应力、应变场分析,为潜在损伤区提供评价;建立多雨滴冲击的仿真模型,研究冲击应力场之间的耦合作用以及涂层表面的塑性应变累积效果。研究结果表明,水锤冲击是造成塑性应变累积的关键因素,虽然横向喷射阶段的应力响应幅值小并呈现一定的无序特征,但如果存在多雨滴耦合冲击的情况,则会在耦合区内出现应力峰值,并对叶片变形和失效存在潜在影响。With increasing scale of offshore wind turbine design in recent years,the problem of rain erosion failure at leading edge of blades has become increasingly prominent,it not only affects wind energy conversion efficiency of a wind turbine unit,but also poses a potential threat to its stable operation.Here,the smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)was used to study constitutive relation inside raindrops,and the representative volume element(RVE)model of a blade leading edge was established with finite element method(FEM).SPH-FEM coupled model was built to study the formed raindrop impact response process on blade surface.Considering actual working conditions of natural rainfall,a raindrop size model related to rainfall intensity and a spatial distribution model of raindrops were built.By simulating a single raindrop impact,impact load on blade surface and velocity distribution inside a raindrop were studied to clarify the physical process of raindrop impact.Through analyzing stress and strain fields caused by impact,potential damage areas were evaluated.The simulation model for multi-raindrop impacts was built to study coupling actions among impact stress fields and the cumulative effect of plastic strains on coating surface.The study results showed that water hammer impact is the key factor to cause accumulation of plastic strain;although stress response amplitude in lateral spraying stage is small and exhibits a certain disordered feature,if there is a multi-raindrop coupled impact,stress peaks can appear in the coupled zone and have a potential impact on blade deformation and failure.

关 键 词：风力机 叶片前缘 光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元法(SPH-FEM)耦合模型 单雨滴冲击 多雨滴冲击 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程] TH114[机械工程—机械设计及理论]