基于遗传算法的阶梯式变间隙磁流变阻尼器优化设计  

Optimization design of stepped variable gap MR damper based on genetic algorithm

作　　者：郭佳璇 张艳娟 罗添洲 杨建伟 李欣[1] GUO Jiaxuan;ZHANG Yanjuan;LUO Tianzhou;YANG Jianwei;LI Xin(School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Performance Guarantee on Urban Rail Transit Vehicles,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学城市轨道交通车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第21期291-299,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52205179);北京建筑大学“双塔计划”主讲教师支持计划项目(YXZJ20220808)。

摘　　要：针对用于下肢假肢的磁流变阻尼器阻尼力调节范围受限且体积大、能耗高的问题,提出了一种阶梯式变间隙磁流变阻尼器,该阻尼器可根据人体不同步态需求,通过控制线圈电流与改变阻尼间隙来调节输出阻尼力。阐述了阶梯式变间隙磁流变阻尼器的结构和工作原理,建立了阻尼力计算模型并进行了磁路分析。在满足下肢假肢阻尼力要求的前提下,以阻尼器功率最低、活塞体积最小为优化目标,采用多目标遗传算法对阶梯式变间隙阻尼器的关键结构参数进行优化,得到最优结构尺寸,对优化后的阻尼器进行磁场与力学性能仿真,验证优化结果的合理性。结果表明,优化后的阻尼器在满足输出阻尼力设计要求的条件下,总功率降低了23.3%,活塞体积减小了28.4%,为假肢用磁流变阻尼器的优化设计提供了参考。Here,aiming at problems of limited damping force adjustment range,large volume and high energy consumption of magnetorheological(MR)dampers used for lower limb prosthetics,a stepped variable gap MR damper was proposed.The damper could adjust output damping force by controlling coil current and changing damping gap according to different gait needs of human body.Structure and working principle of the stepped variable gap MR damper were described,its damping force calculation model was established and magnetic circuit analysis was performed.On the premise of meeting damping force requirements of lower limb prosthetics,taking the minimum power of damper and the minimum piston volume as the optimization objectives,key structural parameters of the stepped variable gap damper were optimized with multi-objective genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal structural size.Magnetic field and mechanical performance of the optimized damper were simulated to verify the rationality of the optimized results.The results showed that the optimized damper reduces total power by 23.3%and piston volume by 28.4%under the condition of satisfying the design requirements for output damping force;the results can provide a reference for optimization design of MR dampers for prosthetics.

关 键 词：磁流变阻尼器 结构设计 多目标优化 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]