中美CCUS技术发展与政策体系对比  

Comparison on the development and policy frameworks of CCUS technology in China and the United States

作　　者：史明威 高仕康 吕昊东 马乔 张贤[1] 李佳[2] SHI Mingwei;GAO Shikang;LYU Haodong;MA Qiao;ZHANG Xian;LI Jia(The Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21(ACCA 21),Beijing 100038,China;Society Hub,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511453,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250110,China)

机构地区：[1]中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100038 [2]香港科技大学(广州)社会枢纽,广东广州511453 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [4]山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2024年第10期19-31,共13页Clean Coal Technology

摘　　要：碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术是指能够将二氧化碳从能源利用、工业生产等排放源或生物质利用尾气、空气中等不同碳源捕集分离,并输送到适宜的场地加以利用或封存,最终实现二氧化碳减排的技术组合,是各国实现气候目标所不可或缺的重要技术支撑。碳达峰碳中和目标提出后,中国已初步建立碳达峰碳中和相关政策体系,积极推进各行业深度技术创新和系统性变革。CCUS技术既是可以实现化石能源的大规模低碳利用的重要技术选择,又是推进钢铁、水泥等难减排工业行业深度脱碳的可行技术方案,更是未来抵消剩余温室气体排放的托底技术手段。为实现中美两国气候目标,两国最终需要通过CCUS技术实现每年数十亿吨的二氧化碳减排量。美国是全球CCUS技术的先行者之一,在政策法规制定、基础设施建设、大规模工程运营方面具有相对优势。为支撑净零排放目标,美国通过一系列卓有成效的财税激励机制加快了CCUS项目大规模部署进展,相关经验值得借鉴。文章通过比较中美两国在CCUS技术领域的潜力需求、政策法规、研发示范等情况,为我国CCUS技术及配套政策环境发展提供参考,并提出中美在CCUS技术领域开展合作的潜在方向。Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)refers to a set of technologies that capture carbon dioxide(CO_(2))from sources like energy production,industrial processes,biomass combustion,and directly from the atmosphere.This CO_(2) is then transported to suitable sites where it is either utilized or stored,effectively reducing emissions.CCUS plays a critical role in helping countries achieve their climate goals by enabling significant reductions in CO_(2) emissions across various sectors.It is an essential technological support for global climate action.After China’s carbon neutrality goal was proposed,the country has established a policy framework relating to the targets.China is actively promoting deep technological innovation and systemic transformation across various industries to meet these climate objectives.CCUS is a major solution for enabling large-scale,low-carbon use of fossil fuels,providing a feasible pathway for deep decarbonization in hard-to-abate industries such as steel and cement.Additionally,it serves as a crucial technology for offsetting residual greenhouse gas emissions in the future,supporting long-term climate goals.To achieve the climate goals of both China and the United States,both countries ultimately need to achieve annual reductions of billions of tons of carbon dioxide through CCUS technology.The United States is currently leading global practice in CCUS development,with relative advantages in policy development,infrastructure,and large-scale project operations.To support its net-zero emissions goals,the U.S.has accelerated the large-scale deployment of CCUS projects through effective fiscal and tax incentives.These experiences provide valuable insights for other countries looking to advance CCUS initiatives.By comparing the potential demand,policies,regulations,and R&D demonstrations in the field of CCUS technology between China and the United States,this article provides references for the development of CCUS technology and its supporting policy environment in China,and propose

关 键 词：碳捕集、利用与封存 碳中和 CO_(2)减排 直接空气捕集技术 生物质耦合碳捕集技术 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]