地膜残留对内蒙古河套灌区玉米生长及土壤环境的影响  

Effects of Agricultural Film Residues on Maize Growth and Soil Environment in Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：韩东勋 李晓红 马俊 刘琪[2] 刘汉江 何文清[2] 刘晓东 赵娜 刘家磊 HAN Dong-xun;LI Xiao-hong;MA Jun;LIU Qi;LIU Han-jiang;HE Wen-qing;LIU Xiao-dong;ZHAO Na;LIU Jia-lei(Bayannur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Bayannur 015000,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agricultural,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究所,巴彦淖尔015000 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第11期1325-1335,共11页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700700);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0063);河套灌区农牧业高质量发展关键技术研究与推广项目(NMKJXM202108);内蒙古自治区农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2024)。

摘　　要：以内蒙古河套灌区覆膜玉米农田残膜分布状态为研究对象,设置0(对照CK)、75kg·hm^(-2)、150kg·hm^(-2)、300kg·hm^(-2)、450kg·hm^(-2)和600kg·hm^(-2)共6个残膜量梯度,分析不同残膜量对玉米产量及构成要素、根系质量及主根数、土壤含水率及容重的影响。结果表明:(1)残膜量与玉米产量呈负相关关系,残膜量超过300kg·hm^(-2)时玉米产量与对照产量差异显著(P<0.05)。随残膜量从0增加到600kg·hm^(-2),玉米秃尖增加,百粒重显著降低(P<0.05)。(2)增加残膜量降低了玉米根系质量和主根数,玉米根系自土壤汲取水分和营养的能力下降。(3)土壤残膜阻碍土壤水分运移,残膜量在300~450kg·hm^(-2)土壤水分下渗缓慢;残膜量超过600kg·hm^(-2)阻碍土壤毛细管水的运移和降水的渗透。采用科学合理的土壤残膜污染治理与地膜回收途径,减少土壤地膜残留,有助于促进玉米产量和土壤质量提升,实现农业绿色可持续发展。Agricultural film residues which limit crop growth and cause soil pollution become increasingly serious.Exploring the effects of agricultural film residues with different amounts on the growth of maize and soil environment can provide theoretical support for the scientific and rational use of agricultural film.In this study,the distribution of residual film in maize farmland with film mulching in Hetao irrigation region of Inner Mongolia was taken as the research object,and 6 residual film gradients were set,including 0(CK),75kg·ha^(-1),150kg·ha^(-1),300kg·ha^(-1),450kg·ha^(-1) and 600kg·ha^(-1),and the effects of different amounts of the agricultural film residues on maize yield and its components,root weight and taproot number,soil moisture content and bulk density were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)there was a negative correlation between the amount of film residues and the yield of maize,and there was a significant difference in the yield when the amount of film residues exceeded 300kg·ha^(-1)(P<0.05).With the increase of film residues,the bald tip of maize increased,and the 100-grain weight decreased significantly(P<0.05).(2)The increase of the film residues reduced the root quality and taproot numbers of maize,which were not conductive to the growth and development of the root system,and the ability of the root system to absorb water and nutrients from the soil decreased.(3)The film residues hindered the transport of soil water,soil water seeped slowly when the amount of film residues reached 300-450kg·ha^(-1),and the film residues over 600kg·ha^(-1) hindered the migration of soil capillary water and the infiltration of precipitation.Therefore,the use of scientific and reasonable ways to control soil residual film pollution control and recycle plastic film to reduce plastic film residues in the soil is helpful to promote the improvement of maize yield and soil quality,and realize the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：地膜残留 玉米根系 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]