石灰与绿肥对连作雪茄烟田土壤理化性质与真菌群落的影响  

Effects of lime and green manure on soil physicochemical properties and fungal community in a continuous cropping cigar tobacco field

作　　者：左梅 向必坤 谭军 王瑞 陈红华 樊俊 乔保明 ZUO Mei;XIANG Bi-kun;TAN Jun;WANG Rui;CHEN Hong-hua;FAN Jun;QIAO Bao-ming(Enshi Branch of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第10期1909-1918,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202101054(LS-14)];湖北省烟草公司科技重点项目(027Y2021-027)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确石灰与绿肥对连作烟田土壤理化性状、土壤微生物量及真菌群落的影响差异,为科学改良连作土壤提供依据。【方法】在湖北来凤县选择连作12年、土壤类型为黄棕壤的雪茄烟田为研究对象,设置施石灰(L)、施石灰+绿肥还田(LGM)、绿肥还田(GM) 3种土壤改良措施和不施石灰+不种绿肥处理(CK),用5点取样法采集耕层(0—20 cm)土样,分析不同措施对土壤理化性状与不同区系微生物数量的差异影响。采用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序技术和FUNGuild平台分析烟田土壤真菌群落多样性、组成结构、营养型组成及功能类群变化,并比较了不同处理的雪茄烟经济效益。【结果】3种土壤改良措施均不同程度地增加了土壤全氮、有机质、速效钾含量,且以LGM效果最佳,但改善土壤酸化现象则以L效果最佳。L、LGM、GM处理均显著增加细菌与微生物总量,细菌数量分别较CK增加23.22%、68.07%、46.70%,微生物总量分别增加22.06%、62.12%、42.42%,但仅GM处理显著增加土壤中真菌数量,增幅12.25%。3种土壤改良措施均显著影响土壤真菌群落结构,其中GM处理显著增加真菌群落丰富度,相比对照增加15.01%。L处理增加毛霉属(Mucor)的相对丰度,GM处理增加木霉属(Trichoderma)的相对丰度。L、LGM和GM处理均降低病原菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)在土壤中的相对丰度,降幅分别为19.32%、13.78%和9.71%。LEfSe分析结果显示,相比对照3种土壤改良措施均显著提高土壤中毛壳菌科(Chaetomiaceae)的相对丰度,LGM和GM处理显著提高腐质霉属(Humicola)的相对丰度,L和LGM处理显著提高短梗蠕孢属(Trichocladium)的相对丰度。FUNGuild分析结果表明,3种土壤改良措施均不同程度降低土壤中植物病原真菌的相对丰度,优化真菌的营养型组成结构。L、LGM和GM处理均显著提高雪茄烟的均价、产量与产值,其中产值分别提高14.56%、27.45%、21.47%,且LGM处理的产【Objectives】This study aimed to clarify the effects of lime and green manure on soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial biomass,and fungal community in continuous cropping tobacco fields,and the basis for scientific improvement of continuous cropping soil was provided.【Methods】In Laifeng County,Hubei Province,a 12 year continuous cropping field with yellow brown soil was selected as the research object.Three soil improvement measures,lime(L),lime + green manure(LGM) and green manure(GM),were adopted to collect 0-20 cm soil samples from the tilled layer by 5-point sampling method.The effects of different measures on soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass of different flora were analyzed.Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and the FUNGuild platform were used to analyze the differences in soil fungal community diversity,composition structure,nutrient type composition,and functional group division in soil.The economic benefits of cigars produced by different treatments were also compared.【Results】 1) The three soil improvement measures could increase the contents of total nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium to different degrees,and LGM had the best effect on enhancing soil fertility,but L had the most significant effect on improving soil acidification.L,LGM and GM treatments could significantly increase the number of bacteria and the total number of microorganisms in soil,the bacteria increased by 23.22%,68.07%and 46.70%,and the total number of microorganisms increased by 22.06%,62.12% and 42.42%,respectively.However,only GM treatment could significantly increase the number of fungi in soi by 12.25%.2) The three soil improvement measures had significant effects on the soil fungal community structure,and there were significant differences among them.Specifically,the GM treatment could significantly increase the fungal community richness by 15.01% compared to the control.Treatment L could increase the relative abundance of Mucor,treatment GM could i

关 键 词：石灰 绿肥 连作 雪茄烟 真菌 群落结构 功能类群 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S154[农业科学—作物学]