智能物联网低功耗感知综述  

Survey on Low Power Sensing of AIoT

作　　者：李向阳 尚飞 闫宇博 王山岳 韩飞宇 迟国轩 杨铮[2] 陈晓江[3] Li Xiangyang;Shang Fei;Yan Yubo;Wang Shanyue;Han Feiyu;Chi Guoxuan;Yang Zheng;Chen Xiaojiang(School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230000;School of Software,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;School of Information Science and Technology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学计算机科学与技术学院,合肥230000 [2]清华大学软件学院,北京100084 [3]西北大学信息科学与技术学院,西安710127

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2024年第11期3754-3775,共22页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2023C01029);国家自然科学基金重点项目(962072424,U20A20181);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划(ZDBS-LY-JSC001);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085MF221);合肥市自然科学基金项目(2022016);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(WK3500000008)。

摘　　要：随着人-机-物三元融合的程度逐渐加深,越来越多的轻量级、大规模的感知需求不断涌现.为了适应多场景、大规模的部署需求,低成本、低功耗的感知方案愈受青睐.然而,在低功耗感知领域仍有一些共性和特性挑战阻碍了其进一步发展和实际应用.尽管先前有许多优秀的综述就某一具体感知模态或感知应用进行了整理,目前仍缺少对整个低功耗感知领域进行梳理的工作.对近年来的低功耗感知进行了总结,介绍了包括惯性运动单元(IMU)、麦克风、射频信号在内的3种感知模态,总结了它们的相关挑战,从硬件和软件层面介绍了相关的解决思路.最后,从表面感知、性质感知、生理感知、隐私感知保护等4个方面沿从表面及内里、从物体到人体、从感知到安全的方向介绍了感知方案在不同场景中的应用,并总结了展望以供探索.With the deepening integration of human-machine-object fusion,an increasing number of lightweight and large-scale sensing demands are emerging.To meet the deployment needs of multiple scenarios and large scales,lowcost and low-power sensing solutions are becoming increasingly favored.However,there are still some common and specific challenges in the field of low-power sensing that hinder their further development and practical application.Although many excellent reviews have been conducted on a specific sensing modality or application,there is still a lack of work that sorts out the entire field of low-power sensing.In this paper,we summarize recent low-power sensing,introduce three types of sensing modalities including inertial measurement unit(IMU),microphone,and radio frequency signals,summarize their related challenges,and introduce relevant solutions from hardware and software levels.Finally,we introduce the applications of sensing schemes in different scenarios from four aspects:surface sensing,property sensing,physiological sensing,and anti-sensing,along the direction from surface to inside,from object to human body,and from sensing to safety,and summarize several prospects for exploration.

关 键 词：低功耗 感知 智能物联网 物联网 数模驱动 移动计算 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]