1946年上海市霍乱流行的时空分布及社会响应  

On the Temporal-spatial Distribution of Shanghai Cholera Outbreak in 1946 and Its Social Responses

作　　者：石国宁 李孜沫 王晓伟 肖克梅 SHI Guoning;LI Zimo;WANG Xiaowei;XIAO Kemei(School of Economics and Management,Handan University,Handan 056005,China;College of Tourism,Economics and Management,Nanchang Normal University,Nanchang 330032,China;College of Tourism,Shandong Women’s University,Ji’nan 250300,China;College of City and Environment Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院经济管理学院,河北邯郸056005 [2]南昌师范学院旅游与经济管理学院,江西南昌330032 [3]山东女子学院旅游学院,山东济南250300 [4]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2024年第9期74-86,共13页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“中国历史瘟疫图像整理与疫灾文化研究”(21VJXT015)。

摘　　要：1946年我国发生区域性霍乱大流行,上海市尤为严重。依据当时的报刊资料对此次上海市霍乱流行的时空分布、发生原因及社会各界的响应进行分析。时间分布上,该年上海市的霍乱历时六月余,发现霍乱患者4415人,死亡353人,7月份为疫情集中暴发期;空间传播上,疫情最先发生于旧公共租界地区,并以此为中心,向四周扩展,进而蔓延至整个上海市,属于典型的近程传播;空间分布上,疫情最严重的是沪西地区,其次是旧公共租界、南市和旧法租界地区;疫情发生后,社会各界积极响应,其中,政府是此次霍乱防控的主导力量,社会团体和个人也参与其中,最终扑灭了霍乱疫情。A regional cholera epidemic occurred in 1946 in China,particularly severe in Shanghai.Based on the data of the press at that time,this paper analyzes the temporal-spatial distribution of cholera,the cause of its outbreak,and its social responses in Shanghai.In terms of temporal distribution,the cholera lasted six months with 4,415 cholera patients and 353 deaths.July was the period of concentrated outbreak of the epidemic.In terms of spacial spreading,the cholera showed the characteristic of short-range communication.It first occurred in the old public concession,then spread to its neighboring communities and then to the whole city of Shanghai.In terms of spacial distribution,the most severe outbreak was in the western part of Shanghai,followed by the old public concessions,the Nanshi area and the old French concessions.After the outbreak,the government was the leading force in its prevention and control in which social groups and individuals actively participated,ultimately extinguishing the cholera epidemic.

关 键 词：1946年 上海市 霍乱 时空分布 社会响应 

分 类 号：K266[历史地理—历史学] K901[历史地理—中国史] R516.5[医药卫生—内科学]