探寻专家委员会成员构成与遴选的行政法治路径  

Research on the Member Composition and Selection of Expert Committees in Administrative Rule of Law

作　　者：宋华琳[1] 郑琛 SONG Hua-lin;ZHENG Chen(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《河北法学》2024年第10期80-97,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“突发重大公共卫生事件防控的法治体系研究”(20&ZD188)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：成员构成与遴选的规范化是确保专家委员会制度功能有效发挥的前提。专家委员会可能包括专家、利益群体代表和行政机关“席位制”代表三类成员,各自的参与基础分别是专业知识、特定利益以及行政考量。应根据专家委员会的讨论议题和功能定位,合理安排专家委员会的成员类别。应从专业性、中立性和均衡性方面明确专家遴选标准,从制定遴选工作方案、征募与推荐、审核遴选、拟任公示以及名单公开等环节完善专家遴选程序。应扩大利益群体代表的人选范围,强化利益群体代表遴选过程的公开透明,明确和构建行政机关“席位制”代表的遴选标准和程序。应完善专家咨询程序和专家委员会立法,激活专家咨询活动的司法监督机制,明确司法审查的可及性、审查要点以及审查结果。Normalization on the composition of members and selection is a prerequisite for ensuring the effective functioning of the expert committees system.Expert committees may include three types of members:experts,representatives of interest groups and representatives of administrative organs under the“seat system”,who participate on the basis of specialized knowledge,specific interests,as well as administrative expertise and public interest.The composition of members in expert committees should be rationally arranged in accordance with the topics to be discussed by the expert committees and the committees'functional roles in administrative decision-making.The selection criteria for experts should be clarified from the perspective of professionalism,impartiality and balance,and the selection procedure should be improved in five stages:formulation of selection program,solicitation and recommendation,selection,public announcement of the proposed appointment,and public disclosure of the list.The scope of candidates for representatives of interest groups should be enlarged,and the transparency in the selection process should be improved.The selection criteria and procedures for representatives of administrative organs under the“seat system”should be clarified and constructed.The legislation on expert consultation procedures and expert committees should be improved.The judicial supervision mechanism should be activated,the accessibility of judicial review,the key points of review and the results of review should be clarified.

关 键 词：专家委员会 成员构成 遴选标准 遴选程序 司法审查 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]