论数据财产权的收益、成本与去产权化规则构造  

On the Benefits,Costs,and De-propertizing Rule Construction of Data Property Rights

作　　者：王佳佳 WANG Jia-jia(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《河北法学》2024年第10期122-148,共27页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“平台反垄断理论问题研究”(21BFX115)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：是否应当在数据之上确立财产权以及如何确权仍是数据基础制度建设中的重大理论问题。引入数据财产权的成本收益分析,可将数据确权与否的判断简化为效率视角下的成本与收益对比。数据财产权的收益整体有限,数据确权难以降低交易成本,静态收益有限,而将数据财产权等同于数据投资激励是对现实的过度简化,数据投资激励存在多重驱动机制,需财产权激励的情形亦有限。与有限的收益相比,创设与实施数据财产权的成本却是不容忽视的。数据财产化确权将产生显著的交易成本、寻租成本、保护成本与创新成本。为最大限度地降低产权化成本,应当通过设置适格的客体要件、有限的权利内容以及宽泛的权利限制机制,实现数据财产权的去产权化。Whether and how to establish property rights over data are still a major theoretical issue in the construction of data infrastructure system.The introduction of cost-benefit analysis of data property rights can simplify the judgment of whether to establish property rights over data into a cost-benefit comparison under the perspective of efficiency.The overall benefits of data property rights are limited,data rights are difficult to reduce transaction costs,static benefits are limited,and equating data property rights with investment incentives is an oversimplification of reality,there are multiple driving mechanisms for investment in data,and there are limited circumstances that require property rights incentives.In contrast to the limited benefits,the costs of creating and enforcing data property rights cannot be ignored.Property rights in data have significant transaction,rent-seeking,protection and innovation costs associated with the transfer of rights.In order to minimize the cost of data property rights,the de-propertization of data property rights should be achieved by designing restricted eligible object elements,limited rights content and broad rights restriction mechanisms.

关 键 词：数据财产权 成本 收益 去产权化 产权规则构造 

分 类 号：DF523[政治法律—民商法学]