中美判决承认与执行:现状、困境与出路  

Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments between China and the United States:Current Status,Dilemmas and Solutions

作　　者：舒雯 SHUWen(School of Law,Tsinghua Univiersity,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100091

出　　处：《河北法学》2024年第10期182-200,共19页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要：在中美利益深度交融的格局下,我国未能发展出完善的针对美国判决承认与执行制度。中美两国已经形成相互承认的闭环,但制度理论与实践理念的差异性,依旧影响着两国判决的互认。美国制度下的单边主义与政治因素的干扰,导致判决结果的不确定性。中国制度下,实践中坚持事实互惠认定标准未有根本性转变,立法等各方面的配套机制尚未得到进一步完善,加之对美国制度认知的缺乏,互惠原则在中美法院判决承认与执行过程中的局限性凸显,亟待解决。明确中美两国承认与执行外国判决中互惠原则的适用标准,将有助于畅通中美法院判决承认与执行,补齐我国涉外法治建设的短板,为维护我国主权、安全和核心利益以及当事人合法权益提供切实有效的司法保障。In the scenario where the interests between China and the United States are intricately intertwined,China has not yet developed a comprehensive system for the recognition and enforcement of US judgments.In judicial practice,there have been several mutual recognition of judgments between the two countries,but the discrepancies between legal theories and judicial practice still affect future recognition.The US system accentuates strong unilateralism,and the political influences reflected in judgment renders the outcome highly uncertain.In China's practice,Chinese court continued applied the de facto reciprocity standard in recognizing US judgment.Due to the supporting mechanisms in various aspects like legislation have not been further enhanced and the lack of comprehension of the US system,there are limitations of the principle of reciprocity in the process of judicial recognition and enforcement of judgments between China and the United States,which demands an urgent solution.Clarifying the applicable standards of the principle of reciprocity in the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China will facilitate the smooth flow of the recognition and enforcement of court judgments between the two countries,address the deficiencies in China's foreign-related legal construction,and provide efficacious judicial protection for safeguarding China's sovereignty,security,core interests,and the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.

关 键 词：判决承认与执行 互惠原则 国际礼让原则 事实互惠 法律互惠 

分 类 号：DF94[政治法律—国际法学]