哈茨木霉EMF910对宁夏盐碱地区黄芪根腐病致病菌的防治作用  

The control effect of Trichoderma harzianum EMF910 on the root rot pathogens of Astragalus membranaceus in Ningxia saline-alkali regions

作　　者：张晓尘 张红杰[1] 李生兵 董振东 龙澍普 黄新国 郭兰萍[3] 康传志 梁健[1,4] 马小魁 ZHANG Xiaochen;ZHANG Hongjie;LI Shengbin;DONG Zhengdong;LONG Shupu;HUANG Xinguo;GUO Lanping;KANG Chuanzhi;LIANG Jian;MA Xiaokui(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Ministry of Education,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710055,Shaanxi,China;Science and Technology Service Center of Yanchi County,Wuzhong 751503,Ningxia,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Science,Beijing 100700,China;College of Biologic and Geographical Science,Resources and Ecological Research Institution,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室,西北地区濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室,陕西西安710055 [2]盐池县科技服务中心,宁夏吴忠751503 [3]道地药材品质保证与资源持续利用全国重点实验室中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [4]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院资源与生态研究所,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2024年第10期4162-4180,共19页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3503801);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2022D01C458);宁夏拓明农业有限公司项目(2021064)。

摘　　要：【背景】根腐病分布广,危害重,是我国西北盐碱地区黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)大规模人工种植过程中最常见的病害之一,常引起黄芪产量及药材品质下降,目前尚无有效的防治手段。哈茨木霉对根茎类作物根腐病的致病菌有显著的防治作用,但在盐碱条件下的作用少见报道。【目的】明确引起我国西北盐碱地区黄芪根腐病的主要致病菌,探究哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)EMF910在盐碱条件下对这些主要致病菌的抑制效果。【方法】通过组织分离、离体回接、形态学和分子生物学方法等确定引起西北盐碱地区规模化种植黄芪根腐病的致病菌;通过平板对峙试验研究哈茨木霉EMF910在盐碱条件下对该致病菌的抑制效果;通过盆栽试验探究了哈茨木霉EMF910在盐碱土壤中对种植黄芪根腐病的防治效果。【结果】引起西北地区黄芪根腐病的致病菌为腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)X12和斜隔孢镰孢(Fusarium obliquiseptatum)P1。在正常条件(0%NaCl,pH自然)下培养7 d后,哈茨木霉EMF910对菌株X12和P1的平板抑制率分别达到77.93%和73.82%,在盐碱条件(1%NaCl,pH 8.5)下培养7 d后,哈茨木霉EMF910对菌株X12和P1的平板抑制率分别达到70.22%和67.95%;在正常条件(0%NaCl,pH自然)培养12 h后,哈茨木霉EMF910对菌株X12和P1的孢子萌发抑制率分别为87.21%和86.11%,在盐碱条件下培养12 h后,哈茨木霉EMF910对菌株X12和P1的孢子萌发抑制率分别为72.29%和64.47%。盆栽试验表明,在根腐病致病菌预侵染的成熟期黄芪中,哈茨木霉EMF910菌剂处理组的黄芪存活率为56.3%,而未经哈茨木霉EMF910菌剂处理的清水对照组黄芪存活率仅为12.5%;统计存活黄芪根腐病发病率,结果表明,哈茨木霉EMF910菌剂处理组黄芪根腐病发病率为33.3%,而不施加哈茨木霉EMF910的清水对照组黄芪根腐病发病率则为50.0%。【结论】引起我国西北盐碱地区黄芪根腐病的病原菌主要为腐皮[Background]Root rot is widespread and harmful,being one of the most common diseases in the process of large-scale cultivation of Astragalus membranaceus in the northwest saline-alkali regions of China,which causes a decrease in yield and quality of A.membranaceus,and there is currently no effective control method.Trichoderma harzianum has a significant control effect on the pathogens causing root rot in rhizome crops,but its effect under saline-alkali conditions has been reported rarely.[Objective]To clarify the main pathogens causing root rot in A.membranaceus in the northwest saline-alkali areas of China,and to explore the inhibitory effect of T.harzianum EMF910 on these main pathogens under saline-alkali conditions.[Methods]The pathogens causing root rot of A.membranaceus in large-scale cultivation in the saline-alkali areas of northwest China were determined through tissue isolation,in vitro tie-back,morphological,and molecular biology methods.The inhibitory effect of T.harzianum EMF910 on these pathogens under saline-alkali conditions was studied through plate confrontation experiments.The control effect of T.harzianum EMF910 on root rot in A.astragalus in saline-alkali soil was investigated by pot experiment.[Results]The main pathogens causing root rot in A.astragalus in the northwest region were identified as Fusarium solani X12 and Fusarium obliquiseptatum P1.After culturing for 7 days under normal conditions(0%NaCl,pH natural),the plate inhibition rates of T.harzianum EMF910 on X12 and P1 reached 77.93%and 73.82%,respectively.After culturing for 7 days under saline-alkali conditions(1%NaCl,pH=8.5),the plate inhibition rates of T.harzianum EMF910 on X12 and P1 reached 70.22%and 67.95%,respectively.After culturing for 12 hours under normal conditions(0%NaCl,pH natural),the spore germination inhibition rates of T.harzianum EMF910 on X12 and P1 reached 87.21%and 86.11%,respectively.After culturing for 12 hours under saline-alkali conditions,the spore germination inhibition rates of T.harzianum EMF910 on X12

关 键 词：黄芪 根腐病 哈茨木霉 盐碱条件 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]