多杀霉素防治储粮害虫应用技术开发  

Development Application Technology of Spinosad to Control Stored Grain Pests

作　　者：郭超 郭伟群 刘玉春 陈园 李君兴[2] 燕京哲 王超 Guo Chao;Guo Weiqun;Liu Yuchun;Chen Yuan;Li Junxing;Yan Jingzhe;Wang Chao(Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100037;Jilin Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Changchun 130062;Central Grain Reserve Bozhou Direct Warehouse Co.,Ltd.,Bozhou 236000)

机构地区：[1]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院,北京100037 [2]吉林省农业机械研究院,长春130062 [3]中央储备粮亳州直属库有限公司涡阳分公司,亳州236000

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2024年第10期28-36,共9页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：中华人民共和国粮食行业标准制修订计划项目(HB1917);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1600604);2017年中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZX1701)。

摘　　要：多杀霉素是一种安全、高效、环保的绿色储粮防护剂,因其广谱高效、低毒、低残留、杀虫机理独特,与现有储粮害虫防治药剂无交叉抗性,在仓储害虫防治领域用途广阔。本研究开发了与粮食入仓传输机配套使用的全仓粮食自动喷雾施药设备,解决了大型粮库施药难、施药效率低、均匀性差等难题;进一步为方便用户科学合理使用多杀霉素防治储粮害虫技术,研究确定了多杀霉素悬浮剂在储藏小麦和稻谷中的半衰期分别为6.47月和5.81月;在我国中温及高温高湿储粮区高大平房仓小麦储藏中开展了多杀霉素防治储粮害虫应用技术的研究及实仓应用工作,结果显示,多杀霉素悬浮剂按有效剂量1 g/t全仓喷雾施药不使用磷化氢熏蒸,能够有效控制主要储粮害虫的发生和发展,防护时间在2年左右,对粮食品质基本无影响,防护期内未使用化学药剂;多杀霉素悬浮剂按有效剂量1 g/t表层拌粮配合磷化铝熏蒸,对主要储粮害虫的有效防护时间接近2年,防护期内减少了化学药剂的使用次数。研究明确了多杀霉素对主要储粮害虫的防治效果、持效期和安全间隔期,为制定多杀霉素防治储粮害虫技术规程提供了依据。多杀霉素在主要储藏粮种稻谷和小麦中的残留分布结果显示,多杀霉素主要残留在粮食外壳中,在小麦粉、米糠、大米中基本无残留。Spinosad is a safe,efficient and environmentally friendly protection agent for stored grain.Due to its broad-spectrum efficiency,low toxicity,low residue and unique insecticidal mechanism,it has no cross-resistance with existing stored grain pest control agents,and has wide application in the field of storage grain pest control.In this study,the automatic spraying equipment for grain in the full warehouse was developed,it was used together with the grain transfer machine,and solved the problems of difficult application,low efficiency and poor uniformity of application in large grain depots.Further,in order to facilitate users to use spinosad to control the stored grain pests scientifically and rationally,and improve the control effect of the drug,the half-life of spinosad suspension in stored wheat and rice was determined to be 6.47 months and 5.81 months,respectively.The application technology of spinosad to control grain pests was studied in the wheat storage of full warehouse in the medium temperature and high temperature and high humidity grain storage area in China.The results indicated that spinosad suspension spray applied at the effective dose of 1 g/t in the whole warehouse without phosphine fumigation can effectively control the occurrence and development of main grain pests,and the protection time can reach about two years.It had no effect on food quality,and no chemical agents were used during the protection period.According to the effective dose of 1 g/t surface mixed grain and aluminum phosphide fumigation,the effective protection time of the main stored grain pests was close to two years,and the use of chemical agents had been reduced during the protection period.The control effect,duration and safety interval of spinosad against main stored grain pests were studied,which provided the basis for formulating the technical regulation of spinosad for controlling stored grain pests.The residue distribution of spinosad in rice and wheat,the main stored grain,showed that the main residue of spinosad in th

关 键 词：多杀霉素 全仓施药设备 储粮防护剂 生物防治 应用技术 残留 

分 类 号：S397.5[农业科学—农艺学]