身联网时代个人信息保护的路径革新:从“过程式”到“结果式”  

The path innovation of personal information protection in the era of the internet of bodies:From process approach to result approach

作　　者：张玉洁 李晟 ZHANGYujie;LI Sheng(Public Law Research Center,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公法研究中心,广东广州510006

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期261-269,共9页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：广东省社会科学规划一般项目“个人信息保护的民事公益诉讼机制研究”(GD22CFX06)。

摘　　要：在身联网时代,个人信息与人身安全的关联性愈加紧密。个人信息权益保护的重点也不再只是信息的自主控制利益,还包括个人信息处理过程中易受损的其他民事权益(尤其是身体健康权益),由此也导致身联网技术应用中的身体健康权益保护需求凸显。为此,我国有必要为具有限制人身自由效果的身联网技术应用提供合法性依据,并有必要从保护人身自由的角度完善个人信息保护法律体系。然而,我国《个人信息保护法》采取的是保护信息自主控制权益为主的“过程式”保护模式。它忽略了身体健康权益保护的优先性,使得个人信息保护的法益偏离,并导致个人和身联网企业、社会公共利益之间产生了利益冲突,民事侵权机制也难以救济个人人身损害。特别是在身联网技术的影响下,这种模式既无法有效保障个人的身体健康权益,还会增加信息处理者安全保障义务的履行成本进而阻碍社会发展。为此,我国应当积极回应身联网时代个人信息保护与身体健康权益保护的双重要求,采用个人人身权益保障为主导的“结果式”保护模式,进而回归到个人信息保护的应然客体,推进价值保护和技术规制之间的平衡,同时以国家保护弥补私力保护不足。有鉴于此,身联网时代的个人信息保护模式应当做好保护路径的法治化革新:其一,我国可以在充分发挥“过程式”优势的基础上,确定以结果式为主导的混合型保护模式,进一步细化处理者的告知义务,缩小同意权的范围,明确个人信息保护的具体法益;其二,以保护身体健康权益作为价值目标,由个人、企业、国家共同承担个人信息安全保护义务,建立个人、企业和国家之间个人信息利用的互惠共享合作关系;其三,从身体健康权益保障出发,通过对“人身损害”进行扩大解释,将潜在损害风险纳入损害范围。根据人身损害结果�In the era of internet of bodies(IoB),the correlation between personal information and personal security has become increasingly close.The focus of protecting personal information rights and interests is no longer only on the autonomous control interests of information,but also other civil rights and interests that are easily damaged during the processing of personal information(especially physical health rights and interests),which has led to a prominent demand for the protection of physical health rights and interests in the application of IoB technology.Therefore,it is necessary for China to provide a legal basis for the application of IoB technology that has the effect of restricting personal freedom,and to improve the legal system for personal information protection from the perspective of protecting personal freedom.However,Personal Information Protection Law adopts a process based protection model that focuses on protecting the right to independent control of information.It ignores the priority of protecting the rights and interests of physical health,deviates from the legal interests of personal information protection,and leads to conflicts of interest between individuals,IoB companies,and social public interests.Civil infringement mechanisms are also difficult to remedy personal injury to individuals.Especially under the influence of IoB technology,this model not only fails to effectively protect individuals’physical health rights,but also increases the cost of fulfilling information processors’security obligations,thereby hindering social development.Therefore,China should actively respond to the dual requirements of personal information protection and physical health rights protection in the era of IoB,adopt a result based protection model dominated by personal rights protection,and return to the natural object of personal information protection,promote the balance between value protection and technical regulation,and compensate for the lack of private protection with national protection.In view of

关 键 词：身联网 个人信息权益 安全保障义务 人身自由 身体健康权益 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]