美国循环经济领域科技项目资助情况分析与启示  

Analysis of S&T Innovation Funding in the Field of Circular Economy in the United States and Its Inspirations

作　　者：国佳旭 张贤 刘家琰 Jiaxu Guo;Xian Zhang;Jiayan Liu(The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]国家自然科学基金委员会、中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2024年第5期900-908,共9页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘　　要：随着全球绿色转型不断深入,循环经济逐渐成为绿色技术创新前沿与国际合作热点。本文系统梳理分析了美国国家科学基金会和能源部在循环经济领域的研究资助情况,结果表明:美国重视循环经济科技创新,2021年以来投入政府经费超7亿美元,重点资助生物质利用、新能源器件和关键矿产资源回收以及塑料循环利用方面的研究,将循环经济作为支撑航空等难减排行业净零排放、新能源产业可持续发展和塑料污染治理的重要途径。美国通过加强顶层设计促进基础研究和应用基础研究协同发力,以滚动资助培育重大成果,运用多种资助形式深化产学研融合的做法,对我国循环经济领域后续科技计划部署提供了有益借鉴与参考。As the acceleration of the global transition to green,circular economy has become the forefront of green technology innovation and an active area of international cooperation.In this paper,the S&T funding of National Science Foundation(NSF)and Department of Energy(DOE)of the US in the field of circular economy is systematically analyzed.The results show that the US invested more than$700 M to develop S&T of circular economy since 2021,mainly funding research on biomass utilization,new energy devices,key mineral resource recycling and plastic recycling to support net-zero emissions of hard-to-reduce industries such as aviation,sustainable development of emerging industries and control plastic pollution.Leading the convergence of basic research and applied basic research,cultivating major achievements with rolling funding,and expanding the channels that bring together enterprises,universities,research institutes through various forms of projects are good practices,which provide useful reference for the subsequent deployment of S&T plans in the field of circular economy in China.

关 键 词：美国国家科学基金会 美国能源部 循环经济 科技计划 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]