表面放射性去污技术的现状与挑战  

The Research Status and Challenges of Surface Radioactive Decontamination

作　　者：王毅 马传意 李战国 李健 赵红杰 习海玲 WANG Yi;MA Chuanyi;LI Zhanguo;LI Jian;ZHAO Hongjie;XI Hailing(State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China)

机构地区：[1]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205

出　　处：《防化研究》2024年第5期1-9,共9页CBRN DEFENSE

基　　金：军事科学院智强基金项目(ZQ2023-01)。

摘　　要：固体表面放射性去污是核设施运行、维护与退役等过程中的重要环节。目前,基于物理(切割、磨损、烧蚀、剥离等)与化学(中和、氧化、络合等)原理的去污技术已被投入应用。然而,很少有研究对这些去污技术进行全面总结。本文对现有的固体表面放射性去污技术进行了归纳,并重点介绍了以凝胶、泡沫与可剥离膜为代表的去污技术的发展及其配方创新的重要性。此外,还着重比较了各种技术的去污机理、应用对象和优缺点,并对表面放射性去污技术面临的主要挑战与发展方向进行了介绍,以期为未来表面放射性去污技术的发展提供参考。Radioactive decontamination of solid surfaces is an important part of the daily operation,maintenance and decommissioning of nuclear facilities.Currently,decontamination technologies based on physical(cutting,abrasion,ablation,stripping,etc.)and chemical(neutralization,oxidation,complexation,etc.)principles have been put into practical application.However,few studies have comprehensively summarized these decontamination techniques.In this paper,the existing technologies for radioactive decontamination of solid surfaces were summarized,with special emphasis on the development of decontamination technologies represented by gels,foams and peelable films and the importance of their formulation innovation.In addition,a comparison of the decontamination mechanisms,application targets,advantages and disadvantages of the various technologies was emphasized.The main challenges and development directions of surface radioactivity decontamination technologies were presented,which might provide reference for the future development of surface radioactive waste decontamination technologies.

关 键 词：放射性污染 表面去污 清除技术 材料 

分 类 号：TL94[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]