纳米银负载的聚丙烯纤维膜制备及其对化生污染物防护性能研究  

Performance of Polypropylene Fiber Membrane Grafted with Silver Nanoparticles for Protection from Chemical and Biological Pollutants

作　　者：郭佩文 薛爽 杨涵舒 郭文婷 郑晓保 梁鑫 李好义[1] 杨卫民[1] 王平 康晶[4] 郄龙飞 王瑞雪 GUO Peiwen;XUE Shuang;YANG Hanshu;GUO Wenting;ZHENG Xiaobao;LIANG Xin;LI Haoyi;YANG Weimin;WANG Ping;KANG Jing;QIE Longfei;WANG Ruixue(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Defense Equipment Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030008,China;China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029 [3]山西新华防化装备研究院有限公司,山西太原030008 [4]中国辐射防护研究院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《防化研究》2024年第5期30-41,共12页CBRN DEFENSE

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(JQ23013);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(buctrc201906);北京市科技新星计划项目(2022015,20230484449)。

摘　　要：化生污染物可能会严重危及公众健康和生态环境安全,透气式防护服是抵御其威胁的重要防护装备。随着威胁形势不断演变和防护与舒适性需求的不断提高,迫切需要在防护材料上取得突破,以实现防护服在高阻隔、轻量化、透气性等性能上的综合提升。本文采用大气压低温等离子体表面改性结合化学接枝技术,制备了纳米银负载的聚丙烯(PP)纤维膜,以实现化生污染物的高效防护。通过优化熔体微分静电纺丝施加电压、收集辊转速等工艺参数,制备了高效低阻的PP纤维膜。通过等离子体电学、光学性能测试和纤维性能表征,证实等离子体处理过程可在PP纤维膜表面接枝含氧官能团,等离子体处理2 min时对纤维机械性能影响较小;制备的PP-CS-Ag复合纤维膜对芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-CEES)24 h的降解率达95.87%,对大肠杆菌1h的灭活率达99.99%。Chemical and biological pollutants present critical threats to public health and environmental safety.Permeable protective clothing plays a crucial role against such hazards.With the evolving landscape of threats and heightened demands for both protection and comfort,breakthroughs in protective materials are essential to achieve high-barrier protection,lightweight structure and breathability in protective gear.Here,a polypropylene(PP)fiber membrane loaded with nanosilver,synthesized by atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma surface modification coupled with chemical grafting was introduced to enable effective decontamination of chemical and biological pollutants.Optimized parameters in melt-differential electrospinning,including applied voltage and collector roll speed,yielded a PP fiber membrane combining high filtration efficiency with low airflow resistance.Electrical and optical assessments of the plasma treatment,along with fiber characterization,confirmed successful grafting of oxygen-functional groups onto the PP fiber surface,with minimal impact on mechanical properties after 2 min of plasma exposure.The prepared PP-CS-Ag composite fiber membrane demonstrated a 95.87%degradation rate of the mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide(2-CEES)within 24 h and a 99.99%inactivation rate of Escherichia coli within 1 hour.

关 键 词：等离子体 银颗粒 纤维膜 抗菌性能 化生污染物 防护 

分 类 号：TS171[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]