聚氨酯硬质泡沫材料的阻燃改性进展  

Progress of Flame Retardant Modification for Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials

作　　者：王莫涵 吴宁晶[1] 王菲 邓珊珊 贾浩艺 Mohan Wang;Ningjing Wu;Fei Wang;Shanshan Deng;Haoyi Jia(School of Polymer Science and Engineering,Key Laboratory of Rubber Materials and Engineering Education,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院橡塑材料与工程教育重点实验室,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2024年第9期182-190,共9页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：青岛市自然科学基金资助(24-4-4-zrjj-200-jch)。

摘　　要：聚氨酯硬泡材料(RPUF)优异的隔热性、低密度和良好的压缩性质使其被广泛用作建筑、汽车、电子电器等领域的隔热保温材料,但RPUF极易燃烧、火焰蔓延速率快、烟毒性大等缺点给人们的生命安全造成了巨大的损失。传统的反应型阻燃聚氨酯硬泡材料阻燃效率低,而添加性阻燃剂与聚氨酯基体不相容而对其制备工艺和力学性能有严重的影响。文中综述了近年来发展的层层自组装(LBL)法、光热固化涂覆法、气凝胶涂覆法等新型的阻燃聚氨酯制备途径,这些方法在保证聚氨酯硬泡材料优异的物理性能基础上能同时提升阻燃效率,制备出高效阻燃RPUF,并展望了未来阻燃聚氨酯的发展趋势与前景。Rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)materials are widely used as thermal insulation material in buildings,automobiles,electronic applications,and other fields because of their excellent thermal insulation,low density,and good compressive properties.However,RPUF is very easily burnt when it is ignited,the flame spread rate is fast and the smoke toxicity is large,which cause huge loss to people's life safety.The traditional reactive flame retardant RPUF has low flame retardant efficiency.Whereas the addition of flame retardants has serious influence on the preparation technology and mechanical properties because of the incompatibility between additive flame retardant and polyurethane matrix.In this paper,new flame retardant routes on the improvement in the flame retardancy of RPUF have been developed in recent years,and different flame retardant coatings by layer-by-layer assembly(LBL)method,photo and thermal curing,aerogel coating,etc.were reviewed.The highly efficient flame retardant RPUFs have not only maintained the mechanical performance of RPUFs,but also improved the flame retardant efficiency.The development trend and prospect of flame retardant RPUFs in the future were prospected.

关 键 词：硬质聚氨酯泡沫 阻燃改性 阻燃涂层 阻燃机理 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]