伪造数字货币犯罪的解构  

Deconstruction of the Crime of Counterfeiting Digital Currency

作　　者：陈正湘 CHEN Zhengxiang(Law School,Hunan University,Changsha Hunan 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期122-131,共10页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“大数据时代金融数据安全法律保护研究”(21BFX122)。

摘　　要：伪造数字货币的对象指向、伪造性以及规制路径存在分歧,有待进一步厘清。“货币”属于“经验性”法律概念,应回归本体论,在共识本质上明晰数字货币指向央行数字货币。纯粹理性思辨使伪造说与不可伪造说陷入二律背反。从技术实践解构,数字货币具备伪造性,包括以假充真、以“真”充真两种行为方式。在入罪路径上,应对悖于解释学、类型学原理的解释论、立法论进行批判性解构。伪造数字货币行为与伪造货币罪的构成要件行为不同质,且侵犯法益具备独立性,不能通过刑法解释将其入罪;伪造数字货币行为的社会危害程度与侵入系统、非法获取持有相关信息、非法使用行为有别,过度类型化不符合罪责刑相适应原则,不宜将上述行为规整为一罪。同时,从货币共识涵摄视角倡导修正的单设论,采取分步走立法路径,实体货币与数字货币共存时,设立伪造数字货币罪,形成与伪造货币罪的二元规制体系;货币共识仅涵摄数字货币时,回归伪造货币罪一元规制体系。There are differences in object orientation,forgery and regulatory path of counterfeiting digital currency,which need to be further clarified.“Currency”is an“empirical”legal concept,which should return to ontology and which clarifies that digital currency refers to central bank’s digital currency in the essence of consensus.Pure rational speculation makes the theory of forgery and the theory of unforgeability into an antinomy.From the deconstruction of technical practice,digital currency has the nature of forgery,including two ways of behavior:fake as real and using“truth”as real.On the path of incrimination,we should critically deconstruct the interpretation theory and legislation theory which are contrary to hermeneutics and typology.The act of forging digital currency is different from the constituent elements of the crime of forging currency,and the infringement of legal interest is independent,which cannot be criminalized through criminal law interpretation;the degree of social harm of the act of forging digital currency is different from that of intrusion into the system,illegal acquisition and possession of relevant information,and illegal use.Excessive categorization does not conform to the principle of proportionality between crime,responsibility,and punishment,and it is not appropriate to regularize the above acts as a crime.At the same time,from the perspective of monetary consensus inclusion,the revised single hypothesis is advocated,and the legislative path is adopted step by step.When the real currency and the digital currency coexist,the crime of forging digital currency is set up to form a dual regulation system with the crime of forging currency.When the currency consensus only includes digital currency,it returns to the unitary regulation system of the crime of counterfeiting currency.

关 键 词：数字货币 伪造货币犯罪 货币共识 解释论 类型化立法 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D922.28[政治法律—法学]