我国各民族就业人口产业结构共同现代化历程研究  

A Study of the Shared Modernization Process of the Industrial Structures of the Employed Populations of All the Ethnic Groups in China

作　　者：段成荣[1] 周思瑶 DUAN Chengrong;ZHOU Siyao(School of Population and Health,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与健康学院,北京100872

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期130-138,共9页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国人口迁移转变的道路与理论研究”(20231JY0055)阶段成果。

摘　　要：就业是最基本的民生,也是推动各民族共同走向现代化、推动中华民族共同体建设的重要手段。通过利用第三次至第七次全国人口普查资料,对改革开放40年来我国各民族就业人口产业结构现代化发展的历史进程进行了分析,结果显示,第一,40年来,各民族就业产业结构类型从以原始型为主转变为发展型占绝对优势,现代化转变趋势凸显。第二,我国各民族就业人口产业结构现代化历程经历四个阶段:1982至1990年为蓄能阶段,各民族人口在第一产业的占比下降幅度较小,现代化进程缓慢;1990至2000年为现代化起步阶段,东部地区外向型经济的发展带动各民族就业人口产业结构现代化起步;2000至2010年,西部大开发和特色产业发展加速民族地区经济模式转型,进入现代化加速阶段;2010至2020年,在精准扶贫等政策推动下,各民族就业人口产业结构现代化实现飞跃,少数民族整体第一产业比例降幅高达34.24个百分点,大多数民族进入现代化中后期。第三,各民族就业人口产业结构现代化差异性缩减,同步性凸显,各民族就业人口产业结构共同现代化的趋势得到确认。第四,目前存在个别民族第一产业人口占比依旧较高等问题,应该将这部分民族的发展作为未来民族工作的重点,争取在本世纪中叶实现56个民族全部完成就业人口产业结构现代化,实现全面建设社会主义现代化国家,一个民族也不能少。Employment is fundamental to livelihoods and a crucial means to advance the modernization of all the ethnic groups of China and promote the construction of the community of the Chinese nation.Based on the data from the third to the seventh national censuses,this study gives a historical analysis of the modernization process of the industrial structures of the employed populations of all the ethnic groups of China since the reform and opening-up in China forty years ago.It has the following conclusions:(1)Over the past 40 years,the employment types in terms of industrial structures have shifted from the primitive type to the developmental type as the dominant,signaling a clear trend of modernization.(2)This modernization process falls into four phases:capacity-building(1982-1990),during which the employers in the primary industry remained fairly stable,indicating a slow modernization process;initiation(1990-2000),during which the development of the export-oriented economy in the eastern region of China promoted the initial modernization process;acceleration(2000-2010),during which the development of western China and specialty industries quickened the transformation of the economic models in the ethnic areas and a quickened modernization process emerged;leap forward(2010-2020),during which the ethnic minority population involved in the primary industry dropped by 34.24%,and most ethnic minorities entered the middle or later period of modernization due to the implementation of the policies like poverty eradication.(3)Disparities among the ethnic groups have narrowed,while synchronization in modernization for all the ethnic groups in China has become evident,a confirmation of the shared modernization process of the industrial structures of the employed populations of all the ethnic groups in China.(4)Future efforts of the ethnic work should focus on a few ethnic groups with a relatively higher employment rate in the primary industry to ensure that the modernization of the industrial structures of the employed popula

关 键 词：民族就业人口 产业结构 共同现代化 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]