林下经济作物黄精的研究进展  

Review of Polygonati Rhizoma:An under-forest crop

作　　者：杨庆雄 李欣[2] YANG Qingxiong;LI Xin(School of Karst Science/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;School of Chemistry and Material Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/国家石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期1-34,F0002,共35页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]重点056)。

摘　　要：林下经济是指利用林地资源、林下空间及森林生态环境,通过发展林下种植、养殖或林下旅游等不同形式的产业,提高林地土地利用率,发展复合型经济的方式。林下经济对山区,特别是喀斯特贫困山区的乡村振兴、产业结构调整具有重要意义。林下种植是林下经济最重要的形式,林-药模式又是林下种植中重点发展的一种。选择合适的林-药模式栽培植物,根据市场需求构建特色产业,是林下经济成功的关键环节。本文综述了黄精3种基源植物的种质资源、适宜性分布区、栽培技术、化学成分、药理作用、炮制、加工产品等各方面的研究进展。文献分析结果显示,我国的中药黄精的基源植物种质资源丰富,黄精生物形状和活性成分含量,与种质来源、栽培环境等关键因素有密切关联;已有3个选育品种通过了非主要农作物品种认定,其黄精多糖含量达到中国药典规定的要求。黄精含有甾体皂苷、黄酮、多糖等多种类型分子,结构特征在不同基源植物中有差别,不同类型的指纹图谱经常作为黄精药材来源的鉴别手段。黄精具有抗糖尿病、抗肥胖、抗骨质疏松、抗抑郁等多种药理作用。炮制过程影响黄精的化学成分和药理活性,并常作为改善其药效的方法。黄精作为药食同源植物,具有良好的产业基础,也是一种理想的林下经济植物,适合在不同的混农林复合系统的林-药模式中推广,具有巨大的发展潜力。Under-forest economy refers to the use of forest land resources,under-forest space and forest ecological environment to improve the utilization rate of forest land and develop agro-forest economy,through the development of forest planting,breeding or tourism and other different forms of industry.It is of great significance to rural revitalization and industrial structure adjustment in mountainous areas,especially in the poor Karst mountainous areas.Under-forest planting is the most important form of under-forest economy,while forest-herb is the most important model.Choosing right cultivated plants in the forest-herb model and building the characteristic industry according to the market are the keys to the success of the under-forest economy.The advance on germplasm resources,suitable distribution area,cultivation technique,chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,processing research and derived products of three species of Polygonatum Genus,Asparagaceae family of Polyonati rhizoma was reviewed.Analysis of the literature showed out the abundant germplasm resources of Polyonati Rhizoma,and indicated that the biomorphology and content of bioactive constituents were closely related to the germplasm source,cultivation environment and other key factors.Three cultivars of Polyonati Rhizoma have been identified as non-major crop varieties and met the Chinese pharmacopoeia standards in polysaccharide content.Flavones,polysaccharides,and steroidal saponins are the active constituents of Polyonati Rhizoma,and their structures varied according to the different plant resources,resulting to the application of different types of fingerprints techniques to identify the source of the plant.Many health benefits of Polyonati Rhizome,such as anti-diabetes,anti-obesity,anti-osteoporosis,anti-depression are reported.The pharmacological activities and chemical composition were always affected by the crude process,which always were used to enhance the health benefits.As a homologous plant of medicine and food,Polyonati rhizoma i

关 键 词：黄精 滇黄精 多花黄精 林下经济 甾体皂苷 多糖 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学] Q94[医药卫生—中医学]