论明清小说的党争书写  

On Party Struggle Writing in Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：汤克勤[1] TANG Ke-qin(College of literature,Jiaying University,Meizhou 514015,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院文学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《嘉应学院学报》2024年第5期25-29,共5页Journal of Jiaying University

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目“古代党争类小说整理与研究”(13YJA751044)。

摘　　要：古代党争频仍、严酷,人们对“朋党”一般畏之如虎,避之不及,也有对之反思,提出“君子之朋”“小人之朋”。明清小说体现了古代朋党观念的多个层面,其党争书写表现为以下特点:小说人物基本上隶属于君子朋党和小人朋党两个群体,正邪对立,正反相照。其小说情节主要是:利用“朋党”之名攻击政敌;君子朋党往往斗不过小人朋党,遭到小人朋党的迫害。在党争中,君子朋党和小人朋党的胜与败,实际上皆由君王操控;朋党双方最后均遭受君王制裁甚至消灭,结局悲惨;有的明清小说客观上写出了“党争亡国”的思想。某些明清小说能迅速反映时代思潮,生动体现出朋党观念,这是其值得肯定的价值之一。In ancient times,party conflicts were frequent and severe.People were afraid of"cliques"as much as tigers and avoided them.Some people reflected on it and put forward"cliques of gentlemen"and"cliques of villains".Novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties reflected the concept of cliques on multiple levels,and their writing of party conflicts showed the following characteristics:the characters in the novels basically belonged to the two groups of gentleman cliques and villain cliques,which were opposite to each other.The plots of the novels were mainly:using the name of"cliques"to attack political enemies;gentleman cliques often failed to fight villain cliques and were persecuted by villain cliques.In the party conflicts,the victory and defeat of gentleman cliques and villain cliques were actually controlled by the emperor;both sides of the cliques were finally sanctioned or even destroyed by the emperor,with a tragic ending;some novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties objectively wrote the idea of"party conflicts lead to the downfall of the country".Some novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties can quickly reflect the trend of the times and vividly reflect the concept of cliques,which is one of its worthy values.

关 键 词：明清小说 党争书写 朋党观念 

分 类 号：I207.419[文学—中国文学]