专属经济区海上维权执法视阈下海警部队性质研究  

The Nature of the China Coast Guard from the Perspective of Maritime Rights Protection and Law Enforcement in the Exclusive Economic Zone

作　　者：唐鸣 李载谦 TANG Ming;LI Zaiqian(International Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海201600

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2024年第5期14-21,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

摘　　要：我国海警部队是武警部队的重要组成部分,海警部队成员作为武警部队的组成人员,拥有军人身份,在行使“海上安全保卫”时维护国家主权,享有军事主体地位;在行使“海上行政执法”与“海上犯罪侦查”职能时,则具备警事主体即行政主体地位。在专属经济区这类我国并不享有完全主权权利的海域中,海警部队行使职能之性质亟待学界明辨:在国内法上,海警部队所涉案件性质与管辖法院之理论、实务间尚有争议;在国际法上,海警部队职能所涵盖之海域范围亦有待比较法视角的研究。区分海警部队在行使不同职能时的身份,有助于明确海警部队的法律性质,在维护我国主权、安全与发展利益的同时,切实保障涉海警行政诉讼中行政行为相对人的合法权益。As members of the PAP,Coast Guard personnel hold military status and,when performing“maritime security”functions,are responsible for safeguarding national sovereignty with a military entity status.However,when exercising the functions of“maritime administrative law enforcement”and“maritime criminal investigation”,they act as police,assuming an administrative status.In area like the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ),where China does not enjoy full sovereign rights,the nature of the Coast Guard’s functions remains unclear and warrants academic clarification.Domestically,there is still debate regarding the nature of cases involving the Coast Guard and the theories and practices of jurisdictional courts;internationally,the scope of the Coast Guard’s authority in such waters also requires further study from a comparative legal perspective.Distinguishing the role of the China Coast Guard in exercising different functions helps clarify its legal nature,ensuring the protection of the national interests such as sovereignty,security and development,while safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of parties involved in maritime administrative litigation.

关 键 词：《海警法》 海上维权执法 警察权 军事权 军事行政诉讼 

分 类 号：DF935[政治法律—国际法学]