风云第三代极轨卫星测风激光雷达仿真与指标分析(特邀)  

Observation Simulation and Metrics Demonstration of FY Third-Generation Polar-Orbiting Spaceborne Wind Measurement Lidar(Invited)

作　　者：吴松华[1,2] 戴光耀 龙文睿[1] 孙康闻 翟晓春 徐娜 商建[3,4] 胡秀清[3,4] 张鹏 Wu Songhua;Dai Guangyao;Long Wenrui;Sun Kangwen;Zhai Xiaochun;Xu Na;Shang Jian;Hu Xiuqing;Zhang Peng(College of Marine Technology,Faculty of Information Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Laoshan Laboratory,Qingdao 266200,Shandong,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Meteorological Observation Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学部海洋技术学院,山东青岛266100 [2]崂山实验室,山东青岛266200 [3]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [4]中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室,北京100081 [5]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第18期43-55,共13页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2106210);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202201202);青岛市未来产业培育专项新兴产业培育计划(22-3-4-xxgg-8-gx);中欧“龙计划”(59089)。

摘　　要：高时空分辨率的三维风场是研究大气层动力结构及演化特征、热量-动量-物质交换与平衡的关键要素。世界气象组织评估认为,三维风场的全球观测是从根本上提高数值气象预报精度的首要观测因素。欧洲空间局Aeolus卫星的全链路仿真系统、卫星技术体制、定标印证与科学应用等经验为我国风云卫星的全球动力场观测提供了有益的借鉴。简要回顾了国外星载测风激光雷达发展计划和应用情况,针对我国风云第三代极轨气象卫星对全球高分辨率三维风场的观测需求,分析两种星载测风激光雷达技术的适用性,建议发展一种直接探测与相干探测融合的双体制多普勒测风激光雷达技术方案,通过双光束探测模式,以期实现单星的风矢量探测。通过构建一套全链路测风激光雷达仿真模型,实现网格化大气参数、扫描观测与正演-反演仿真。结合当前国内航天有效载荷的技术成熟度与发展趋势,给出星载混合体制测风激光雷达的主要参数建议,以满足数值天气预报的同化所需要的时空分辨率与观测精度需求。Significance Accurately measuring wind field is crucial for understanding the atmospheric dynamics,as well as the exchange and balance of heat,momentum,and matter in the atmosphere.According to the World Meteorological Organization(WMO),global observation of the three-dimensional(3D)wind field is pivotal for enhancing numerical prediction accuracy.Due to the absence of aeronautical data,meteorological observation and forecasting capabilities are notably deficient in sparsely populated areas,the southern hemisphere,polar regions,and vast oceans.Spaceborne wind measurement lidar technology has emerged as a promising solution endorsed by the WMO,offering continuous,high-accuracy vertical profile observations of the global wind field.Numerous countries are actively engaged in demonstrating and developing spaceborne lidar technology.In 2018,the European Space Agency launched the Aeolus.The data analysis and numerical weather prediction assimilation assessment of the Doppler wind measurement lidar in orbit for four years and eight months showed that the technological maturity of wind measurement lidar and prospective capacity for model application reach the best expectations.This has garnered extensive attention in the fields of meteorology and remote sensing worldwide.Spaceborne Doppler wind lidar has become an important instrument for observing the vertical profile of the global wind field,with the successful operation of Aeolus.Despite the success of Aeolus,projects by NASA,JAXA,and other agencies have faced challenges,limiting progress to simulation demonstrations or airborne tests due to technical complexities and financial constraints.As part of China’s next-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite plan,FY-5 lists active wind measurement lidar as one of the new payloads to be developed on a priority basis.This technological programme will effectively promote the high-quality development of China’s meteorological services and is of great significance for strengthening global monitoring,global forecas

关 键 词：星载测风激光雷达 相干探测 直接探测 多普勒激光雷达 仿真模拟 风廓线 

分 类 号：TN958.98[电子电信—信号与信息处理]