高次谐波与阿秒脉冲在成像中的应用与前景(特邀)  

Applications and Prospects of High Harmonics and Attosecond Pulses in Imaging(Invited)

作　　者：李博洋 王虎山[1] 付玉喜 Li Boyang;Wang Hushan;Fu Yuxi(Center for Attosecond Science and Technology,Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所阿秒科学与技术研究中心,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第17期52-72,共21页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YGE0111500);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-091);中国科学院国际伙伴计划(115GJHZ2023023FN);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021404);陕西省自然科学基础研究项目(2019JCW-03)。

摘　　要：高次谐波技术的出现为现代高分辨成像应用提供了新一代的高质量光源。高次谐波光源可以提供高相干性的极紫外/软X射线超短脉冲,在近20年间带动了桌面高分辨成像技术的迅猛发展。该技术通过多种无透镜的衍射成像方法,可以获得纳米级的空间分辨率与飞秒级的时间分辨率,在生物和材料领域实现了众多应用。而诞生于21世纪的孤立阿秒光脉冲又为我们提供了前所未有的时间分辨率,但是其宽谱特性引入的色差成为了衍射成像方法中的新难题。本文首先综述并总结了准单色高次谐波纳米成像的关键技术手段和主要应用场景,然后介绍了基于复色光照明的阿秒脉冲成像的可能技术手段与发展现状,最后对阿秒成像技术的发展进行了展望。Significance The advent of high harmonic technology provides a new generation of high-quality light sources for modern high-resolution imaging applications.The high harmonic sources can provide highly coherent extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray ultrashort pulses,leading to the rapid development of desktop high-resolution imaging technology in the past 20 years.Meanwhile,this technique can achieve nanometer-level spatial resolution and femtosecond-level temporal resolution by a variety of lensless diffraction imaging methods and has many applications in biology and materials.The isolated attosecond pulses,born in the 21st century,provide us with unprecedented temporal resolution,but the chromatic aberration introduced by their broad-spectrum characteristics has become a new problem in diffraction imaging methods.Progress There have been numerous reports on imaging applications in biological and material sciences by adopting quasi-monochromatic sources via various imaging techniques including traditional optical imaging,coherent diffractive imaging,Fourier transformation holography,and ptychography as shown in Figs.1~9.Especially in recent years,there have been a lot of studies focusing on ptychography,including reflective modes and transmissive modes.Furthermore,the vortex structure has shown its unique advantages in ptychography and significantly improved the imaging qualities.Although compared with other methods,ptychography has the best imaging quality and algorithm stability,it is relatively difficult to combine with pump detection technology,and the ultrafast process should be highly repeatable.Thus,most of these ptychography experiments are subjected to static samples,which makes it difficult to show the time resolution advantages of high harmonics.Furthermore,long exposure time has always been a major shortcoming of ptychography.Although single-shot ptychography has been reported,it is only applicable to visible/IR regimes and still challenging under high harmonic illuminations.Imaging using attosecond pulse tr

关 键 词：成像 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲 宽谱 高时空分辨 

分 类 号：O438[机械工程—光学工程]