基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法的冲击式水轮机配水机构泥沙磨蚀机理研究  

Pelton Turbine Water Distribution Mechanism based on Euler-Lagrange Method

作　　者：高杰[1] 韩磊[1,2] 郭传梁 王毅 王洪杰[1,2] 刘永新[2,3,4] 覃大清 GAO Jie;HAN Lei;GUO Chuanliang;WANG Yi;WANG Hongjie;LIU Yongxin;QIN Daqing(Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Power Equipment,Harbin 150040,China;Harbin Electric Machinery Company Limited,Harbin 150040,China;Harbin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery Company Limited,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学,哈尔滨150001 [2]水力发电设备国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [3]哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司,哈尔滨150040 [4]哈尔滨大电机研究所有限公司,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《大电机技术》2024年第5期71-80,共10页Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(SQ2023YFB3408401);水力发电设备全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLHE-ORF-202104);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52476026)。

摘　　要：冲击式水轮机凭借其在高山地区,特别是在中国西南地区的独特优势受到越来越多的学术关注度。本文研究了泥沙磨蚀对冲击式水轮机的水力特性,特别是二次流对不同条件下泥沙磨蚀的影响,详细分析了泥沙颗粒参数(泥沙颗粒大小、浓度)。首先对两相流动的数值仿真结果和模型实验结果进行了比较,验证了仿真结果的准确性。在两相流动的基础上,利用欧拉-拉格朗日方法求解了气液固三相流动。针对冲击式水轮机配水系统即配水环管、分叉管和喷嘴结构研究了上述参数对于磨蚀的影响机理。结果表明,泥沙的磨蚀作用破坏了分叉管内的旋涡结构。随着泥沙颗粒直径的增加,不同分叉管的流量趋于均匀。由于喷嘴处颗粒在喷嘴处强烈碰撞作用,磨蚀作用增强。同时,随着浓度的增加,磨蚀程度也增加。With its unique advantages in high mountainous regions,especially in southwest China,the Pelton turbine has received more and more academic attention.This paper investigates the influence of erosion on the Pelton turbine’s hydraulic characteristics.Particularly,the effect of secondary flow on erosion at different sediment particle parameters(silt particle size,concentration)is analyzed in detail.Two-phase numerical simulation results are compared with the model experiment results and proved accurate.The solid particle is added to the flow,and the Eulerian-Lagrange Method is used to solve the three-phase flow.The Aforementioned parameters were considered to investigate the mechanism of silt erosion on the Pelton turbine distribution system,including distributor,bifurcation tubes,and nozzle structure.The results prove that erosion destroys the vortex structure in bifurcation tubes.In addition,it was found that as the particle’s diameter increases,discharge in different bifurcations appear more uniform.A strong collision phenomenon appears at the nozzle seat with the particle flow.Therefore,as the particle’s diameter increases,the erosion strengthens accordingly.This study reveals that the particle influence induces erosion which is important to be considered during the design and operating procedures in the whole life of the Pelton turbine.

关 键 词：冲击式水轮机 欧拉-拉格朗日法 磨蚀 泥沙颗粒 二次流 

分 类 号：TK735[交通运输工程—轮机工程]