生育期基因E1-E4不同突变组合对大豆纬度适应性的影响  

Effect of allelic combinations of soybean maturity loci E1/E2/E3/E4 on latitude adaptation

作　　者：方然 袁丽媚 王玉林 芦思佳 孔凡江 刘宝辉 孔令平 FANG Ran;YUAN Li-Mei;WANG Yu-Lin;LU Si-Jia;KONG Fan-Jiang;LIU Bao-Hui;KONG Ling-Ping(College of Life Sciences,Guangzhou University/Innovative Research Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学生命科学学院/分子遗传与进化创新研究中心,广东广州510006 [2]广东省植物适应性与分子设计重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第12期3013-3024,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31901569)资助。

摘　　要：大豆作为重要的油料作物,是人类优质蛋白和食用油的主要来源之一。大豆产量、种子品质和生育期性状密切相关,生育期性状主要受一系列生育期相关基因的控制。本研究以Harosoy为遗传背景创制了E1~E4不同基因组合的16种近等基因系材料,种植在河北石家庄和安徽合肥试验田,调查了生育期、品质及产量性状,以此来了解E1~E4不同突变组合对中纬度种植区域的适应性。研究结果表明,16种近等基因系材料,对光周期敏感程度不同,开花期存在差异,WT和e4单突近等基因系由于晚花晚熟、产量低,不适合在石家庄种植,而所有的近等基因系在合肥种植时均能正常成熟。E1~E4不同等位基因组合还影响株高、节间距、单株产量、品质等农艺性状。本研究发现,在长日照条件下,e3或e4单独突变可以提前开花,同时还会使大豆产生避荫反应,株高增高、节间距变大。测量种子的蛋白质、油分和蔗糖含量时发现,WT材料在较高纬度的石家庄地区种植时,种子不能正常成熟,含油量最低,而蔗糖的含量最高。整体来看,其余近等基因系的种子在石家庄地区种植时总油分、蔗糖含量高于合肥,而蛋白含量总体低于合肥地区。因此,在评估大豆品种的纬度适应性时,需综合考察生育期基因对光周期敏感性、品质和产量的影响。Soybean,as an important oil crop,is one of the main sources of high-quality protein and edible oil.Soybean yield and seed quality are closely related to growth-period traits,which are mainly controlled by a series of genes associated with the growth period.In this study,16 near-isogenic lines(NILs)of E1-E4 were developed using Harosoy as the genetic background and were planted in experimental fields in Shijiazhuang and Hefei.The growth period,seed quality,and yield traits were investigated to understand the adaptability of different combinations of E1-E4 mutants to mid-latitude planting areas.The results showed that the 16 NILs had different photoperiod sensitivities and flowering times.WT and e4 NILs were unsuitable for planting in Shijiazhuang due to late flowering and low yield,while all NILs matured normally when planted in Hefei.Different allelic combinations of E1-E4 also affected plant height,node length,yield per plant,and seed quality.We found that e3 or e4 mutations could lead to early flowering under long-day conditions and simultaneously induce a shading response,resulting in taller plants and longer node lengths.We measured the protein,oil,and sucrose content of the seeds and found that the seeds of WT could not mature normally,exhibiting the lowest oil content and the highest sucrose content.Overall,seeds from the other NILs,when planted in Shijiazhuang,showed higher oil and sucrose content compared to those planted in Hefei but lower protein content.Therefore,to evaluate the latitude adaptability of soybean cultivars,it is necessary to comprehensively examine the effects of growth-period genes on photoperiod sensitivity,seed quality,and yield.

关 键 词：大豆 生育期 产量 品质 适应性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]