种植方式与施氮量对杂交籼稻养分吸收特性及根系活力的影响  

Effects of cropping practices and nitrogen application on nutrient uptake characteristics and root vigor of hybrid indica rice

作　　者：王成 马杨明 王春雨[1] 李志欣 罗健升 彭政岚 刘儒宏基 黄兴海 曹云 彭政菠 马均[1] WANG Cheng;MA Yang-Ming;WANG Chun-Yu;LI Zhi-Xin;LUO Jian-Sheng;PENG Zheng-Lan;LIU Ru-Hong-Ji;HUANG Xing-Hai;CAO Yun;PENG Zheng-Bo;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Southwest Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wenjiang 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第12期3069-3082,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFDO300506);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B13);四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0044);四川省学术和技术带头人培养支持经费资助。

摘　　要：为探明不同种植方式与施氮量对杂交籼稻养分吸收特性、产量及根系活力的影响,以杂交籼稻F优498为试验材料,采用二因素裂区设计,主区为3种种植方式(毯苗机插、湿润精量穴直播和人工移栽),副区为4个施氮量(0 kg hm^(-2)、90 kg hm^(-2)、135 kg hm^(–2)和180 kg hm^(–2)),探究F优498在不同处理下对养分积累、根系活力、产量及其构成因子的影响。结果表明,水稻抽穗期及成熟期的氮积累量均为人工移栽>机插>直播,拔节期磷积累总量和抽穗期钾积累总量均为人工移栽最大,拔节前直播稻的氮、磷和钾积累速率最高,分别比机插和人工移栽高40.68%~63.64%和19.42%~71.43%,不同种植方式下均在拔节至抽穗期养分积累速率达到最大;人工移栽和机插方式下水稻产量差异不显著,直播与人工移栽相比,减产8.09%~15.00%,人工移栽的水稻千粒重、穗粒数和结实率均高于机插和直播,但有效穗数显著降低,分别比机插和直播低15.99%~41.77%和23.19%~29.60%,施氮后产量的显著提高是由于提高了单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数;各种植方式的地上部和根系干物重分别在成熟期和抽穗期达到最大,就不同施氮量而言,施氮处理的群体根系干物重显著高于不施氮处理;水稻抽穗后单茎和群体伤流强度降低,机插的单茎及群体根系活力显著高于人工移栽和直播。机插稻施氮量在中低氮水平(90~135 kg hm^(-2))较适宜,直播稻和人工移栽稻施氮量在中高氮水平(135~180 kg hm^(-2))较适宜。To explore the effects of different planting methods and nitrogen application rates on nutrient absorption characteristics,root activity,and yield of hybrid indica rice,F You 498 was used as the experimental material in a two-factor split-plot design.The main plot consisted of carpet seedling machine transplanting,wet precision hole direct seeding,and manual transplanting,while the sub-plot included four nitrogen application rates(0 kg hm^(-2),90 kg hm^(-2),135 kg hm^(–2),and 180 kg hm^(-2)).The effects on nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation,root activity,yield,and yield components of hybrid indica rice under different treatments were studied.The results showed that the total nitrogen accumulation at the heading and maturity stages was highest in manually transplanted rice,followed by mechanical transplanting,and then direct seeding.The total phosphorus accumulation at the jointing stage and potassium accumulation at the heading stage were also highest in manually transplanted rice.The nutrient accumulation rate of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium before jointing was highest in direct-seeded rice,being 40.68%–63.64%and 19.42%–71.43%higher than in mechanical and manual transplanting,respectively.The nutrient accumulation rate peaked from jointing to heading stage under different planting methods.There was no significant difference in rice yield between manual and mechanical transplanting.However,compared to manual transplanting,direct seeding reduced rice yield by 8.09%–15.00%.The 1000-grain weight,grain number per panicle,and seed setting rate of manually transplanted rice were higher than those of mechanical transplanting and direct seeding,but the effective panicle number was significantly reduced,being 15.99%–41.77% and 23.19%–29.60% lower than those of mechanical transplanting and direct seeding,respectively.The dry matter accumulation of shoots and roots reached its maximum at the maturity and heading stages,respectively.Under manual transplanting conditions,the dry weight of shoots a

关 键 词：水稻 施氮量 种植方式 养分吸收特性 根系 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]