优化健康教育方案在老年心力衰竭患者居家症状监测中的应用  

Application of optimizing health education programs for home symptoms monitoring in elderly patients with Heart Failure

作　　者：刘文娟[1] 沈莹[1] 姜明慧[1] 朱艳梅[1] 韩冰[1] 庄海峰[1] 史美英[1] 郝敬荣 LIU Wenjuan;SHEN Ying;JIANG Minghui;ZHU Yanmei;HAN Bing;ZHUANG Haifeng;SHI Meiying;HAO Jingrong(Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Xuzhou Central Hospital,Xuzhou,Jiangsu province,221009,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州市中心医院心内科,江苏省徐州市221009

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2024年第10期1509-1513,共5页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82370329);徐州市科技计划项目(KC23182)。

摘　　要：目的 :评价基于症状管理理论优化健康教育方案提高老年心力衰竭患者居家症状自我监测能力的效果,为此类患者居家护理提供参考。方法 :便利选取2023年4月—9月江苏省某三级甲等医院心内科收治的115例住院老年心力衰竭患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(n=58)和对照组(n=57),对照组进行常规健康教育,观察组在常规健康教育基础上实施基于症状管理理论的优化健康教育方案。比较两组患者出院前和出院3个月时心力衰竭躯体感知和自我症状监测的情况,并随访出院3个月时两组患者因发作急性心力衰竭再入院情况。结果 :出院前观察组患者掌握自我症状监测内容优于对照组(P<0.05);出院3个月时观察组患者心力衰竭躯体感知、自我症状监测和再入院率均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 :实施以症状管理理论为指导的优化健康教育方案有助于提高老年心力衰竭患者居家症状自我监测能力、降低急性心力衰竭再发生率。Objective:To explore the effects of improving the home-based symptoms self-monitoring ability in elderly patients with Heart Failure(HF)through optimizing the health education programs based on symptoms management theory,aiming to provide reference for home-care of such patients.Methods:Totally 115 elderly patients with HF admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangsu province from April to September 2023 were recruited as the research participants.The patients were randomly divided into an observation group(n=58)and a control group(n=57)using a random number table method.The control group received routine health education,while the observation group implemented an intervention plan based on symptoms management theory to optimize the health education programs on the basis of routine health education.The mastery of physical perception and self-monitoring symptoms of HF was compared between two groups of patients at three time points:relief of acute HF symptoms,discharge,and 3 months after discharge.The readmission of two groups of patients due to acute HF was followed up for 3 months after discharge.Results:The two groups of patients showed comparability in various indicators after the relief of acute HF symptoms.The mastery of selfmonitoring symptoms content in the observation group before discharge was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).The physical perception and self-monitoring symptoms and readmission rate of HF in the observation group after 3 months of discharge were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing forward discharge guidance and optimizing the health education programs based on symptoms management theory can help improve the homebased symptoms self-monitoring ability in elderly patients with HF and reduce the recurrence rate of acute HF.

关 键 词：老年 心力衰竭 症状管理理论 健康教育 症状 居家 自我监测 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] R197[医药卫生—临床医学]