淀粉/黏土纳米复合材料应用进展  

Progress in the application of starch/clay nanocomposites

作　　者：郭雷[1] 李琛[1] Guo Lei;Li Chen(College of Home and Art Design,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学家居与艺术设计学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2024年第11期37-42,共6页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071685);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572018BL07)。

摘　　要：淀粉是地球上最丰富的天然聚合物之一,具有成本低、来源广泛、可完全降解、无毒等优点。但淀粉材料吸水性强、机械强度差等特点限制了其在许多领域的应用。近年来,淀粉/黏土纳米复合材料性能较纯淀粉体系材料有显著提高而受到广泛关注。综述了淀粉/黏土纳米复合材料的结构及制备方法,讨论了纳米黏土对淀粉机械性能、阻隔性能的增强作用,为淀粉的共混改性提供参考。介绍了淀粉/黏土纳米复合材料的应用现状,尤其是在食品包装与生物医疗领域的应用情况,最后对其未来发展前景进行了展望。Starch,one of the most abundant natural polymers on Earth,offers several advantages such as low cost,wide availability,complete degradation,and non-toxicity.However,the characteristics of starch material such as strong water absorption and poor mechanical strength limit its application in various fields.In recent years,starch/clay nanocomposites have gained widespread attention due to the significant improvement of their properties compared with the pure starch system.In this paper,the structure and preparation methods of starch/clay nanocomposites were reviewed.The enhancement effect of nano-clay on the mechanical properties and barrier properties of starch was discussed,which provided a reference for the blending modification of starch.The application status of the composites in various fields,especially in food packaging and biomedical fields,was summarized.Finally,the future development prospects were discussed.

关 键 词：淀粉/黏土 纳米复合材料 制备方法 性能 应用 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]