我国大学生创业政策文本分析——基于“要素−工具−时间”三维框架  

Textual analysis of China’s college student entrepreneurship policy:Based on the three-dimensional framework of“factor-tool-time”

作　　者：王皓月 夏仕武[1] WANG Haoyue;XIA Shiwu(School of Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《创新与创业教育》2024年第5期37-47,共11页Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education

基　　金：2023年中央民族大学博士研究生自主科研项目“民族文化融入职业院校三全育人的创新路径研究”(BZKY2023036)。

摘　　要：文章以质性研究方法对自1998年以来国家出台的大学生创业政策文本进行分析,通过构建基于大学生创业政策的“要素−工具−时间”三维分析框架,挖掘政策演进规律和政策工具使用的分布特征。研究发现,创业政策内容集中于能力支持、经费支持、场地支持、行政支持、社会保障支持等5个方面;管制型政策工具的使用占主导地位;大学生创业政策可分为三个阶段:萌芽探索期(1998—2008年)、积极推进期(2008年—2014年)、深入发展期(2015年至今)。目前,大学生创业政策文本存在政策工具使用具有明显的倾向性、内容要素覆盖比例失衡、政策工具与政策内容的适配性不高等问题。基于此,文章提出以下建议:合理利用多元化政策工具,提升政策执行效果;结合创业实际需求,优化创业政策内容要素;适配政策工具和政策内容,提升子工具的协同效力等。The article employs qualitative research methodologies to analyze university entrepreneurship policy texts that have been promulgated by Chinese government since 1998.By constructing a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing“factor-tool-time”,the study explores the evolution patterns of these policies and examines the distribution characteristics of policy tool utilization.It finds oyt that the content of entrepreneurship policies is concentrated in five areas:capability support,financial support,venue support,administrative support,and social security support.Regulatory policy tools are dominant in their use.University entrepreneurship policies can be divided into three stages:the germination and exploration period(1998—2008),the active promotion period(2008—2014),and the in-depth development period(2015 to the present).The current university entrepreneurship policy text has the problems such as the obvious tendency in the use of policy tools,the imbalance in the coverage ratio of policy content elements,and the low adaptability between the two.Based on these,it is recommended to make reasonable use of diverse policy tools to improve the effect of policy implementation;to optimize the content elements of entrepreneurship policy by aligning them with the actual needs of entrepreneurship;to adapt policy tools and policy content to improve the synergy among sub-tools,thereby facilitating the continuous optimization and improvement of the entrepreneurship policy tools and content.

关 键 词：大学生创业政策 文本分析 政策工具 发展要素 时间序列 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]