日本对警察制度的探索与实践——以福泽谕吉、川路利良和后藤新平为例  

The Exploration and Practice of Japanese Policing——Taking Fukuzawa Yukichi,Kawaji Toshiyoshi and Gotou Shinpei as Examples

作　　者：肖倩雯 Xiao Qianwen(People's Public Security University of China;Nanjing Police University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学犯罪学学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2024年第5期82-90,共9页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2021年度江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“川路利良与日本近代警政研究”(项目批准号:2021SJA0579)的阶段研究成果。项目负责人:肖倩雯。

摘　　要：日本国家的近代化转型牵动着知识分子、政治家们对国家命运的思考与追索。其中福泽谕吉、川路利良、后藤新平对日本警察制度建设发挥了巨大作用,他们对西方警察制度的借鉴与模仿成就了日本警察制度从无形到萌芽,从萌芽到有形的转变。福泽谕吉的《取缔法》开启了日本警察制度建设的萌芽阶段。川路利良在警察制度建设中的作用及影响更为显著,是日本建设民主式警察的最初发起者。后藤新平以德国警察理论为根本,其警政主张出现在日本自由民权运动的高涨时期。他们对日本警察制度建设的影响各有不同,且贯穿于国家命运和警察制度发展的不同历史阶段。The modern transformation of Japan has affected intellectual and political thinking and the pursuit of the country's fate.Fukuzawa Yukichi,Kawaji Toshiyoshi and Gotou Shinpei are three representatives who have played a great role in the construction of the police system in Japan.Their reference and imitation of Western police theory brought a qualitative leap in law enforcement in Japan's police system.Fukuzawa Yukichi's Suppression Law opened the embryonic stage of modern law enforcement in Japan's police system construction;Kawaji Toshiyoshi played a more significant role in the construction of the police system,and was the initiator of the construction of democratic police in Japan;Gotou Shinpei took the German police theory as the foundation,and his police policy ideas appeared in the upsurge of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in Japan.Their contributions to the construction of Japan's police system run through different historical stages of national destiny and police system development,each with its own characteristics.

关 键 词：日本近代化 警察制度 福泽谕吉 川路利良 后藤新平 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]