生防菌株贝莱斯芽胞杆菌ZF513的分离鉴定及其对黄瓜猝倒病的防治效果  

Isolation,Identification and Control Effect of Bacillus velezensis ZF513 Against Damping-off of Cucumber(Cucumis sativus)

作　　者：闫丽霞 李磊 丁常宗 石延霞[1] 柴阿丽[1] 范腾飞 谢学文[1] 李宝聚[1] YAN Li-Xia;LI Lei;DING Chang-Zong;SHI Yan-Xia;CHAI A-Li;FAN Teng-Fei;XIE Xue-Wen;LI Bao-Ju(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers/State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/蔬菜生物育种国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第11期2627-2639,共13页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-23);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS);农业农村部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室(IVF2023);蔬菜生物育种国家重点实验室开放课题。

摘　　要：由瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)引起的黄瓜猝倒病是黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)生产上一种危害严重的苗期病害,严重影响了黄瓜的产量和品质。为了获得对黄瓜猝倒病具有拮抗效果的生防菌株,本研究采用梯度稀释涂布法分离了健康黄瓜根际土壤中的芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.),通过活体盆栽试验得到生防菌株ZF513对黄瓜猝倒病防效最好,达86.64%。经形态学、生理生化检测、唯一碳源利用测定及分子鉴定,判定生防菌株ZF513是贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(B.velezensis)。采用平板对峙法测定显示,菌株ZF513对8种植物病原菌(瓜果腐霉,立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum),茄病镰孢菌(F.solani),多主棒孢菌(Corynespora cassiicola),辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici),灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea),茄匍柄霉菌(Mphylium solani))均具有明显的拮抗作用,具有广谱的抑菌能力,其中对瓜果腐霉抑菌率达65.23%。盆栽试验测定结果表明,菌株ZF513对黄瓜植株生长促生作用明显,并且在浓度为1×108cfu/m L,用量为10 m L/株时,对黄瓜猝倒病防效最高,达72.61%,此浓度下的菌株可以在黄瓜根际土壤中以浓度为1×105cfu/g含量稳定定殖,可以在育苗期间保护黄瓜植株免受病害侵入。综上所述,菌株ZF513在防治黄瓜猝倒病方面具有潜在的应用价值。Damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium aphanidermatum is a serious seedling disease in cucumber(Cucumis sativus)production,which seriously affects the yield and quality of cucumber.In order to obtain a biocontrol strain with antagonistic effect against damping-off of cucumber,in this study,Bacillus spp.were isolated from the inter-root soil of healthy cucumber using a gradient dilution plating method,and obtained the biocontrol strain ZF513 with the best preventive effect against damping-off of cucumber,which amounted to 86.64%,through potted plants in greenhouse.After morphological,physiological and biochemical tests,unique carbon source utilization determination and molecular identification,it was determined that the biocontrol strain ZF513 was Bacillus velezensis.Plate confrontation method was used to determine that strain ZF513 had obvious antagonistic effect on 8 kinds of plant pathogens(Pythium aphanidermatum,Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum,F.solani,Corynespora cassiicola,Phytophthora capsici,Botrytis cinerea,Mphylium solani)with a broad-spectrum bacterial inhibition ability,in which the inhibition of P.aphanidermatum reached 65.23%.The results of pot test showed that strain ZF513 had obvious growth-promoting effect on cucumber plants,and the highest prevention effect on damping-off of cucumber was 72.61%when the concentration was 1×108 cfu/mL and the dosage was 10 mL/plant,and the strain could stabilize and colonize the inter-root soil of cucumber with the concentration of 105 cfu/g,which could protect the cucumber plants from disease invasion during the period of seedlings.In conclusion,strain ZF513 has potential application value in the control of damping-off of cucumber.

关 键 词：贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 瓜果腐霉 黄瓜猝倒病 生物防治 促生作用 

分 类 号：S436.421.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]