Dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms  

作　　者：TIANTIAN SHI QIANG WEI XIAOMIN QIN ZHENFENG LIU KUNKUN CHEN SHIYING CAO HANGBO SHI ZIJIE LIU JINGBIAO CHEN 

机构地区：[1]School of Integrated Circuits,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [2]National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology,Beijing 100871,China [3]State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Institute of Quantum Electronics,School of Electronics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [4]Chengdu Spaceon Electronics Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 611731,China [5]National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China [6]Hefei National Laboratory,Hefei 230088,China

出　　处：《Photonics Research》2024年第9期1972-1980,共9页光子学研究（英文版）

基　　金：Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0303200);Wenzhou Major Science&Technology Innovation Key Project(ZG2020046);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX2021020);National Natural Science Foundation of China(1436210).

摘　　要：133Cs,the only stable cesium(Cs)isotope,is one of the most investigated elements in atomic spectroscopy and was used to realize the atomic clock in 1955.Among all atomic clocks,the cesium atomic clock has a special place,since the current unit of time is based on a microwave transition in the Cs atom.In addition,the long lifetime of the 6P3∕2 state and simple preparation technique of Cs vapor cells have great relevance to quantum and atom optics experiments,which suggests the use of the 6S−6P D2 transition as an optical frequency standard.In this work,using one laser as the local oscillator and Cs atoms as the quantum reference,we realize two atomic clocks at the optical and microwave frequencies.Both clocks can be freely switched or simultaneously output.The optical clock,based on the vapor cell,continuously operated with a frequency stability of 3.9×10^(−13) at 1 s,decreasing to 2.2×10^(−13) at 32 s,which was frequency-stabilized by modulation transfer spectroscopy and estimated by an optical comb.Then,applying this stabilized laser to an optically pumped Cs beam atomic clock to reduce the laser frequency noise,we obtained a microwave clock with a frequency stability of 1.8×10^(−12)∕√τ,reaching 6×10^(−15) at 10^(5) s.This study demonstrates an attractive feature for the commercialization and deployment of optical and microwave clocks,and will guide the further development of integrated atomic clocks with better stability.Therefore,this study holds significant practical implications for future applications in satellite navigation,communication,and timing.

关 键 词：MICROWAVE ATOMIC STABILIZED 

分 类 号：TH714.14[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]